Carbohydrates

What 5 grains are in Multigrain Cheerios?

Oat, wheat, barley, corn, rice

Name four gluten-free grains.

Oats, rice, buckwheat, corn, sorghum, rye

Identify which cereal grains contain gluten: teff, oats, buckwheat, triticale, monleena

Only triticale (Wheat, rye, barley, triticale contain gluten)

Name 3 monomer subunits that comprise lignin.

Para-hydroxy coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol

Name two pentoses and two hexoses.

Pentose: D-xylose, L-arabinose; Hexoses: D-galactose, D-glucose.

Beta-glucans have been identified w/beneficial and detrimental traits. Name a nutritional benefit and a processing detriment.

Reduces colon cancer, and causes viscosity and filtering problems in brewing

Arrange according to size of starch granules: potato, rice, corn, tapioca

Rice, corn, tapioca, potato

Name the Latin names of following cereal grains: rye, wheat, rice, oats, corn

Rye: Secale cereale Wheat: Triticum durum Rice: Oryza sativa Oats: Avena sativa Corn: Zea mays

Name 5 non-nutritive sweeteners approved for use in the US.

Saccharin, Apartame, Acesulfame potassium, Sucralose, Neotame, Advantame, Steviol glycosides, Luo Han Guo fruit/Monkfruit extract, Thaumatin, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, erythritol

Name 5 non-caloric sweeteners with their commercial brand.

Saccharin: Sweet n Low, Equal Saccharin, Sugar Twin, Necta Sweet Acesulfame-Potassium: Ace-K, Sunett, Sweet One, Equal (original) Aspartame: Equal (original), NutraSweet Sucralose: Splenda, Equal Sucralose Stevia: Pure Via, Truvia, Equal Naturals, Splenda Stevia, Enliten Monkfruit sweetener: Nectresse, Splenda Monkfruit, Monk Fruit In The Raw, Swanson PureLo Neotame: Newtame Thaumatin: Talin

Give the hydrogenation products of the following sugars: glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose.

Sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, xylitol

Name four annual world crops grown for edible oil.

Soybean, Peanut, Rapeseed, Sunflower, Maize, Olive

Describe the role of starch gelatinization and protein denaturation during bread baking.

Starch gelatinization absorbs water and sets crumb structure, while protein denaturation stabilizes the expanded gas cells, forming the final loaf structure.

Name four primary products from corn.

Starch, fiber, oil, protein

You have 1 gram of each of the following sweeteners. Please list them from most sweet to less sweet. lactose, glucose, aspartame, sucralose, sucrose, saccharin

Sucralose, saccharin, aspartame, sucrose, glucose, lactose

Rank these sweeteners from highest to lowest sweetening power. Sucrose, maltose, aspartame, sucralose, stevioside.

Sucralose, Stevioside, Aspartame, Sucrose, Maltose

What enzyme breaks down each of these disaccharides: sucrose, maltose, and lactose?

Sucrose - Invertase, Maltose - Maltase, Lactose - Lactase

What is the monosaccharide composition of the following? Sucrose, lactose, xylose, stachyose, starch and cellulose

Sucrose = glucose + fructose Lactose = galactose + glucose Xylose = xylose Stachyose = 1 glucose, 1 fructose + 2 galactose Starch = glucose (in alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6 linkages) Cellulose = glucose (in beta 1-4 linkages)

Rank the following sugars from least to most sweet: sucralose, aspartame, neotame, monkfruit, sucrose

Sucrose, aspartame, monk fruit, sucralose, neotame

What are the 4 principal sweeteners used in icings and glazes?

Sucrose, Dextrose, Invert Sugar, Corn Syrup