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What is an opinion?

An Opinion is an instrument that allows the EU institutions to make a statement, without imposing legal obligations on the addressee. It is not binding.

What is a recommendation?

Recommendations allow the European institutions to make their views known and to suggest a course of action, without imposing any legal obligation on their addressees. They are not binding.

What is a delegated act?

Delegated acts are legally binding acts that allow the Commission to supplement or amend non-essential elements of EU legislative acts, for example to define detailed measures. The Commission adopts the delegated act, which enters into force if the Parliament and the Council do not oppose it.

What is an implementing act?

Implementing acts are legally binding acts that allow the Commission - under the supervision of committees composed of representatives of EU countries - to set conditions ensuring the uniform application of EU legislation.

How do we call the proposal made by the Commission in a specific area?

White Paper.

How do we call a direct public vote on a policy issue?

Referendum.

What is the ordinary legislative procedure?

Codecision officially became the 'Ordinary Legislative Procedure' and the general rule for passing legislation at EU level, covering the vast majority of areas of Union action. The main characteristic of the ordinary legislative procedure is the adoption of legislation jointly and on an equal footing by Parliament and the Council. It starts with a legislative proposal from the Commission (normally for a regulation, directive or decision) and consists of up to three readings, with the possibility for the co-legislators to agree on a joint text - and thereby conclude the procedure - at any reading.

What does the EU decision making look like?

European Commission proposes, Council and Parliament adopt.

Who is involved in the ordinary legislative procedure?

a) The EC, the EP and CoEU

How is an EU directive adopted? How is a law passed? Comment une directive européenne est-elle adoptée ? Comment une loi est-elle votée ?

A directive is a legal act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. It can be distinguished from regulations, which are self-executing and do not require any implementing measures. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter. The text of a draft directive (if subject to the co-decision process, as contentious matters usually are) is prepared by the Commission after consultation with its own and national experts. The draft is presented to the Parliament and the Council—composed of relevant ministers of member governments, initially for evaluation and comment then subsequently for approval or rejection. Most EU laws are adopted using the ordinary legislative procedure, in which the European Parliament (directly elected) and the Council of the EU (representatives of the 28 EU countries) have equal say. The Commission submits a legislative proposal to the Parliament and Council, who must agree on the text in order for it to become EU law.

Name one of the general principles of EU Law

a) Intergovernmentalism b) Primary Legislation c) Proportionality (Equality, Legal Certainity, Non-retroactivity, Legitimate Expectaion and Human (or fundamental) rights) d) Qualified Majority Voting

What are the principles of cohesion policy?

Cohesion policy is based on four main principles: a. Concentration b. Programming c. Partnership d. Additionality

What is the European Court of Human Rights?

The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the Convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is an international court established in 1959 by the Council of Europe (European Convention on Human Rights) to ensure compliance with the commitments entered into by the signatory states of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Court's jurisdiction extends to all matters concerning the interpretation and application of the Convention and its additional protocols. An application may be submitted to the Court by a State or "by any person, non-governmental organization or group of individuals claiming to be the victim of a violation" of his or her rights or freedoms guaranteed by the Convention.

What is the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU?

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union enshrines in Community law certain political, social and economic rights of citizens and residents of the European Union. First proclaimed in Nice on 7 December 2000, the Charter of Fundamental Rights was adopted in its final version by the Presidents of the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the EU on 12 December 2007. It then became legally binding with the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon (signed on 13 December 2007 and entered into force on 1 December 2009).

What is a false statement on the 'European Charter of Fundamental Rights'?

a) It became legally binding with the Lisbon Treaty b) It entered into force on 1st December 2009 c) Hungary had an opt-out option, a special protocol (yes to Polish, Czech and British, althou) d) There is a Fundamental Rights Agency as well

Which statement is NOT true about the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union? a) It is overseen by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights. b) It has six titles on substantive rights under the headings: dignity, freedoms, equality, solidarity, citizens' rights and justice. c) It entered into force with the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009. d) The Charter applies to the Institutions of the European Union and its member states when implementing European Union law).

a) It is overseen by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights.

 

Which one of these is NOT part of the EU "four freedoms"? a) Freedom of movement of migrants b) Freedom of movement of goods c) Freedom of movement of services d) Freedom of movement of capital

a) Freedom of movement of migrant

What is the EU’s jurisprudence?

The Court of Justice of the European Union as the guardian of EU Law ensures that, in the interpretation and application of the Treaties, the law is observed. The Court of Justice also provides interpretations of Union law when so requested by national judges.

Where is the legal basis for the Commission procurement laid down?

In the Financial Regulation and in its Rules of Application.

What is the role of the Agencies under Common Security and Defence Policy?

d) Agencies under Common Security and Defence Policy are set up to carry out very specific tasks under the frameowrk of the EU's Common Security Policy