Culinology

How many milliliters are in each of the following? 1 teaspoon, 1 tablespoon and 1 cup

1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL and 1 cup = 236-240 mL

What are the flour to water ratios for cream puffs, muffins, popovers, and biscuits?

1:1 (cream puffs), 2:1 (muffins), 1:1 (popovers), 3:1 (biscuits).

In cake recipes at atm pressure, name 4 changes at high altitude to prevent problems:

1. Reduce leavening agents (baking powder, baking soda) to prevent overexpansion and collapse. 2. Increase liquid (water, milk, eggs) to compensate for faster evaporation and maintain moisture. 3. Reduce sugar to strengthen the cake structure and prevent excessive tenderness. 4. Increase oven temperature slightly to help the cake set before it over-expands. 5. Decrease baking time since cakes bake faster at higher altitudes. 6. Increase flour slightly to provide more structure and stability. 7. Adjust mixing technique by beating batter less to avoid incorporating too much air.

What is the ratio of a traditional French mirepoix?

2 part onions, 1 part carrots, 1 part celery

How many layers of puff pastry is necessary for 2 folds for 3 times?

27 ((2+1)^3)

Give three examples of wheat flour types.

All-Purpose Flour, Bread Flour, Cake Flour, Pastry Flour, Whole Wheat Flour, Semolina Flour, Self-Rising Flour, Durum Flour, High-Gluten Flour, White Whole Wheat Flour

Classify the following pies as American or British: Key Lime, Apple, Pumpkin, Pork, Pecan, Steak

American Pies: Key Lime, Apple, Pumpkin, Pecan British Pies: Pork, Steak

Give 5 examples of waffle varieties.

American, Belgian, Brussels, Liege, Croffle, Bergische, Pandan, Kue Gapit, Stroopwafels

Name countries of origin: Baklava, Sooyah, Bobotie, Loco moco, Ema Datshi, Bacalhau, Poutine

Baklava: Turkey; Sooyah: Nigeria; Bobotie: South Africa; Loco moco: Hawaii (US), Ema Datshi: Bhutan, Bacalhau: Portugal, Poutine: Canada

Name the five mother sauces of French cuisine.

Bechamel, Veloute, Tomato, Espagnole, Hollandaise

What is the maximum temperature required for tempering the following types of chocolate? Bittersweet chocolate, milk chocolate, and white chocolate

Bittersweet (Dark) Chocolate: 88–90°F (31–32°C) Milk Chocolate: 86–88°F (30–31°C) White Chocolate: 82–84°F (28–29°C)

Fat is important in baking. Provide 1 example of how butter is important in bread making, cake baking, and cookie baking.

Bread – lubricates the dough and helps maintain gases, resulting in well-risen loaf, soft crumb Cake – changes the emulsion from water in oil to oil in water the batter volume increases, it can also help retain gases during baking. Improves the texture Cookies – fat prevents the development of gluten

Match the bread to their respective countries: Brioche, Cornbread, Focaccia, Pita, Roti, Scone

Brioche: France, Cornbread: US, Focaccia: Italy, Pita: Greece (Middle East), Roti: India, Scone: UK

Give 5 examples of long pasta.

Bucatini, Fettucine, Linguines, Lasagna, Sphaghetti, Vermicelli, Ziti, Tagliatelle, Pappardelle, Capellini (Angel Hair), Bigoli, Spaghettoni

Give 2 examples of pseudocereals.

Buckwheat, Quinoa, Amaranth, Chia, Kañiwa, Fonio

Give two ingredients used in the cream of macaron.

Butter cream, Ganache, jam, Clotted cream

List the common flour products in order from least to greatest amount of protein: pastry flour, all-purpose flour, cake flour, and bread flour.

Cake Flour (6–8%) Pastry Flour (8–9%) All-Purpose Flour (10–12%) Bread Flour (12–14%)

Explain the difference between caramelization and the Maillard reaction.

Caramelization involves thermal degradation of sugars alone, while the Maillard reaction occurs between reducing sugars and amino acids, producing complex flavor and color compounds.

Name six ingredients of Ras El Hanout, a popular Arabic spice mix.

Cardamom, cumin, clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice, dry ginger, chilli peppers, coriander seeds, peppercorn, sweet and hot paprika, fenugreek, dry turmeric, etc.

Give 5 examples of short pasta.

Cavatappi, Cavatelli, Conchglie (shells), Farfalle, Macaroni, Penne, Rigatoni, Fusilli, Rotini, Orecchiette, Ziti