Sensory science

Compare hedonic testing and descriptive analysis in sensory science.

Hedonic testing measures consumer liking using untrained panelists, while descriptive analysis uses trained panelists to quantify specific sensory attributes and intensities.

Describe the difference between hue, value, and chroma.

HUE: a color or shade . VALUE: value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color.When referring to pigments, dark values with black added are called “shades” of the given hue name. Light values with white pigment added are called “tints” of the hue name. CHROMA: purity or intensity of color E.G.In red hue, fire engine red, brick red & grey is pure red/high intensity, mid intense & low intensity, respectively

The Hunter color scale, what does it measure?

L (lightness/darkness), a (redness/greenness), and b (yellowness/blueness)

What are the labels on a 9-point hedonic scale?

Like Extremely, Like Very Much, Like Moderately, Like Slightly, Neither Like nor Dislike, Dislike Slightly, Dislike Moderately, Dislike Very Much, Dislike Extremely

Name 3 food ingredients that are used as flavor enhancers.

MSG, inosine phosphate, guava nectar, maltitol, neotame, yeast extract, etc.

Depending upon the type of scale used, sensory data can be of 4 types. Name these data types. What is the difference between them?

Nominal: the items examined are placed in two or three groups that differ in name but do not obey any particular order or any quantitative relationship; Ordinal: the panelist places the items examined into two or more groups that belong to an ordered series (e.g. level of intensity); Interval: panelists place the items into numbered groups separated by a constant interval (e.g., three, four, five, six); Ratio: panelists use numbers that indicate how many times the stimulus in question is stronger than a reference stimulus presented earlier; Nominal data contains the least information. ordinal data carries more information and can be analyzed by most nonparametric statistical tests. Interval and ratio data are even better because they can be analyzed by all nonparametric methods and often by parametric methods. Ratio data is preferred by some because it is free from end of scale distortions, however, in practice, interval data, which is easier to collect, appears to give equal results.

Name 3 of the 4 most common trigeminal sensations.

Oral heat, metallic, astringency and pungency

Put these peppers in order from the least to greatest based on their Scoville units: Poblano, Carolina Reaper, Cayenne, Birds eye chilli, Jalapeno

Poblano - 1250 Jalapeno – 5000 Cayenne – 50000 Birds eye chilli – 100000 Carolina reaper - 1500000

Name 6 foods that are considered umami foods.

Seaweed, parmigiana-reggiano, soy sauce, marmite, fish sauce, green tea, cured ham, tomatoes, sardines, shrimp, beef and mushrooms

What senses are used in sensory evaluation?

Sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing, trigeminal (feeling factors)

What are the five basic tastes?

Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami

Name the compound most commonly used as the standard references for each of the five basic tastes during descriptive analysis.

Sweet: sucrose, sour: citric acid, bitter: caffeine/quinine, saltiness: NaCl, umami: MSG

Name the 3 components of flavor.

Taste, aroma, trigeminal (and mouthfeel)

Explain temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) and how it differs from static descriptive analysis.

TDS captures dominant sensory attributes over time during consumption, whereas descriptive analysis provides static intensity ratings at a fixed point.

Give the chance probability for the following discrimination tests: triangle test, duo-trio test, paired comparison

Triangle Test= 1/3; Duo-Trio Test=1/2; Paired Comparison Test= 1/2

What does value, hue and chroma means?

Value: lightness or darkness Hue: predominant wavelength Chroma: intensity of color

Name the three components of the "Tristimulus Values" used to quantify color in the CIE system.

X, Y, and Z

How many olfactory cells are located in the olfactory region? A. 10-20 M B. 1-20 M C. 10-30 M D. 1-2 M

A. 10-20 million

If the HUE value is 10, you are measuring the color of: A.tomato, B.lemon, C.green apple, or D.onion?

A. tomato

To which of the following four basic tastes are humans most sensitive? A) Bitter B) Sweet C) Sour D) Salty

A) Bitter