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Overcooking meat results in: A.greater shrinkage and decreased tenderness/juiciness, B.makes meat more moist, C.produces a lower cost per serving, or D.all of the above?
A.overcooking meat results in a greater shrinkage and decreased tenderness and juiciness
An intensely sweet treat originating in the countries of the Ottoman Empire (eastern Mediterranean, western Asia, northern Africa) made with layers of filo pastry separated by a mixture of butter, honey, nuts, and flavorings. What is the name for this creation?
Baklava
Pâte brisée, pâte sucrée, and pâte sablée are three basic types of what?
French pastry doughs
What is the name of pastry that uses yeast?
Viennoise Pastry
What type of beans are primarily used to make refried beans?
Pinto beans
What English bakery item is made from either oatmeal or wheat and with baking powder?
Scone
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "hollow straws"?
Bucatini
The kitchen closed early due to a tornado drill. The deep fat fryer was not filtered. At dinner the next day customers were complaining that their eyes were burning and there was an unpleasant odor in the dining room. What happened?
Lipolysis
What style of danishes are made in Sweden?
Spandeur
What is the difference between a brine and a marinade?
A brine is salt-based, while a marinade is acid-based.
What is the name of the bread that originated from Native America and made out of cornmeal?
Cornbread
Panettone, Pandesal, and Pan Dule are examples of what type of bread?
Sweetbread
What is the term for lightly frying food and then stewing it slowly in a closed container?
Braising
How many milliliters are in each of the following? 1 teaspoon, 1 tablespoon and 1 cup
1 tsp = 5 mL, 1 tbsp = 15 mL and 1 cup = 236-240 mL
Baklava and borek are examples of what kind of pastry?
Filo
What is added to Beurre Noisette and Beurre Noir after browning?
Vinegar, Lemon Juice
What is an alternate name for pastry cream?
Confectioner's custard
What is the name for thick pastry cream?
Creme anglaise
What is the name of butter sauce made by reducing vinegar and white butter?
Beurre Blanc
Swiss style yogurt is what?
Yogurt with fruits mixed
Name two variety of waffles origininating from Belgium.
Brussels, Liege
Why must be the pH of the custard neutral during heating?
Protect the egg protein from aggregation
The gold or golden-brown color of Matnakash bread is obtained how?
Coating the surface with sweet tea powder before baking.
What is the function of oxidizing agents in bread dough?
Strengthens dough by promoting di-sulfide bonds
Name three main ingredients of miso, a traditional Japanese seasoning.
Miso paste is primarily made from three main ingredients: fermented soybeans, salt, and koji (a type of fungus cultivated on grains). Some varieties may also include rice, barley, seaweed, or other ingredients.
What are BCUs?
Baking Contrast Units
What is the name of mexican flatbread made from masa harina?
Tortilla
What is the difference between Beurre Noisette and Beurre Noir?
Cooking time
What by-product of the brewing industry is used in baking?
Yeast
What is the name of small tarts?
Tartlet
What is the name of the cracker from scandanavia and made from rye?
Crispbread
What type of flour is also known as "high gluten flour"?
Bread Flour
When making biscuits a hard fat should be used instead of oil because biscuits:
Should be flaky
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "pens" or "feathers"?
Penne
What is caramelization and provide the caramelization temperatures for sucrose, glucose and fructose?
Oxidation of sugar
Sucrose – 160 C or 320 F
Glucose – 160 C, 320 F
Fructose – 110 C or 230 F
What gas is produced by yeast that causes bread dough to rise?
Carbon dioxide
What do the following pasta names mean? Ziti, Vermicelli, Ravioli, Tagliatelle, Spaghetti, Rigatoni, Penne, Macaroni, Linguini
Ziti: Bride and Groom, Vermicelli: Little worms, Ravioli: To wrap, Tagliatelle: To cut, Spaghetti: Little strings, Rigatoni: To line, Penne: Pens/feathers, Macaroni: Blessed/happy, Linguini: Little tongues
Sodium bicarbonate, Potassium bicarbonate, and GDL are examples of what compounds?
Leavening agents
What is moussaka and where does it come from?
An eggplant or potato based dish popular in Balkan and Mediterranean cuisine, especially Greek
What alternate name is used for Hong Kong waffles?
Grid cake/Grid biscuits
What are the four main types of quick bread flour?
Pour, Drop, Soft, Stiff
If a recipe calls for 1 teaspoon of a fresh herb, how much of a dried herb should you use?
½ teaspoon
Semolina is used to mainly make what grain product?
Pasta
What is the name of round eclairs?
Religieuse
What is the holy trinity of Louisiana Creole food, also known as the Cajun holy trinity?
Bell pepper, onion, and celery
What pastry do panakes in Europe closely resemble?
Crepe
What is the word that means “to the tooth” when referring to cooking pasta?
Al dente
What grain food is usually made from a wheat-flour dough that is cultured with yeast, allowed to rise, then baked in an oven, commonly eaten across the world?
Bread
What herb is considered a key component of a traditional American turkey stuffing?
Sage
What is the name of thick custard lightened with merengue?
Chiboust
Ravioli translates to what action in italian?
To wrap
Give three examples of Viennoise pastry.
Croissant, Brioche, Danish pastry, Pain au Chocolat, Pain aux Raisins, Chausson aux Pommes, Kouign-Amann, Viennoise Bread (Viennoise Baguette)
The cake was left standing for an hour before being placed in the oven. The result was a cake that was about half the normal height. What should have been done?
Mix and bake promptly
Name the ingredients of pound cake.
flour, sugar, egg, butter
With which cooking method would you obtain the greatest non-enzymatic browning?
Braising.
What role does sugar play in ice cream texture?
Lowers freezing point, controls ice crystal size, and improves mouthfeel.
What is poutine?
A common Canadian dish from Quebec made with French fries, topped with a light brown gravy-like sauce and cheese curds
At Ramen shop, you may find this red colored spice blend shichimi togarashi on your table which roughly translates to seven flavor chili pepper. Give seven of the typical ingredients.
Red chili pepper, Sansho which is a Japanese pepper, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, poppy seeds, Nori, ginger, chickpea or orange peel, hemp seeds, Chinese basil.
Why is it important to incorporate air into a dough during mixing?
Because yeast (CO2) has to fill existing air holes in the dough to ensure proper fermentation and texture.
What does the Italian word linguine mean?
Little tongue
What is the base of profiteroles?
Choux pastry
What is the culinary term used to describe splitting open a bird carcass and flattening it?
Butterflying or spatchcooking
Khanom Wong is a doughut from what country?
Thailand
What common household ingredient, often added to egg whites before whipping, helps to stabilize the foam by denaturing proteins and lowering the pH?
Cream of Tartar (or an acid like lemon juice)
In a Mazurek, two sheets of short pastry are fixed with what condiment?
Jam, often apricot, plum, or raspberry jam
Name the three components of a Mierpoix?
Carrots, celery, onions
What Italian dessert literally translates to “pick me up”?
Tiramisu.
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "little tongues"?
Linguines
What is croquembouche?
French Christmas cake, puff pastry that they assemble into a cone or tree shape
What icing contains chocolate?
Ganache
What french doughnut translates to "nun's fart", made from pate a choux?
Beignets
what is added to confectionery sugar as an anti-caking agent
Corn Starch
What fruit is used to make 'tarte au sucre'?
None, there is no fruit in tarte au sucre
What is the main ingredient in guacamole?
Avocado
The ingredients of a fruit pie include starch and sugar. Name the ingredients which could substitute for these in an alternative low-calorie product.
Pectin or carrageenan in place of starch, aspartame in place of sugar.
What pastry is derived from kipferl, a viennoise pastry?
Croissant
What pastry tool is used to cut the outlines of shapes?
Pastry Cutter
What are muffins classified as in the US?
Quick Bread
When should ground spices and whole spices be added during the cooking process?
Whole at the start and ground at the end of cooking
The bakery has had a lot of complaints about the toughness of bread made yesterday. What ingredient would result in tougher yeast bread if omitted?
Salt
Describe how gluten-free bread compensates for the lack of gluten structure.
Uses hydrocolloids (xanthan gum, guar gum), starches, and proteins to mimic elasticity and gas retention in dough.
Tang, butt, rivets, handle, heel, spine, tip, edge, bolster, point
What lipid is commonly used to cook samosas?
Vegetable Oil
What is the name of the Italian pasta whose name literally translates to "little worms"?
Vermicelli
Why can't tap water be used to make jelly?
Calcium in tap water affects the gelling properties of low-methoxyl pectin.
What pastry tool is used to roll out the pastry?
Pastry Board/ Rolling pin
List the five French mother sauces.
Tomate, Béchamel, Velouté, Espagnole, Hollandaise
What is the main type of flour used in pasta?
Semolina
What is Sous Vide?
Food is minimally processed, vacuum packaged, shipped under refrigerated conditions, and cooked in water baths at below boiling temps for long time (131-140 F, 55-60C for 4-72 hours)
Which cooking method relies on convective heat transfer in hot oil?
Deep frying.
What leavening agent is used in brussels waffles?
Yeast
Chickpeas, Lupins, and Beans are examples of what grain type?
Pulses
In the UK, "cookies" refer to which type of cookies?
Drop Cookies
What type of flour contains the most protein?
First Clear
Churros, eclair, and beignets use what type of pastry?
Choux
GDL, citric acid, and tartaric acid are examples of what type of leavening agent?
Leavening Acids
Name three examples of noncrystalline candy.
Rock candy, lollipops and glass candy (Non-crystalline candy is usually hard and brittle and has a higher sugar concentration than crystalline candy.)
By what other name is goose liver patte known?
Foie Gras
Name two butter sauces commonly used in French Cuisine
Beurre Noisette, Beurre Noir
Name the Swedish dessert consisting of layers of yellow sponge cake, filled with
vanilla custard and raspberry jam and then topped with whipped cream and a layer of thin green marzipan.
Princess Cake
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "little strings"?
Sphaghetti
What day is known as "Pancake Day" in christian countries?
Shrove Tuesday
Improvement in baking quality occurs during storage of flour. What is this called?
Maturation or aging
What is the name of choux pastry with pearl sugar?
Chouquette
What portuguese sweetbread is prepared using potato flour?
Pao Douce
Which cooking method involves submerging food in water just below boiling (around 85–90°C)?
Poaching.
How is the pocket in pita bread formed?
Steam that is created by cooking at a high heat.
What is fibrous italian cheese made using spun curd method known as?
Pasta filata
What is the primary protein responsible for gluten elasticity in wheat dough?
Glutenin
Pulses are high in what nuritent?
Protein (fiber also acceptable)
Why is sucrose added to dough when making bread?
It increases viscosity & increases foam stability
What is the the name of layered filo pastry with apple fillings?
Apple Strudel
In a cake batter, what is the role of emulsifiers (like lecithin in egg yolk)?
To stabilize the fat and water mixture (preventing separation).
What base was pain au chocolat initially made from?
Brioche
Meringue is not supposed to be mixed in a bowl made of what type of metal and why?
Copper, because it combines with proteins and is difficult to work with.
Name a fermented food from Mexico.
Tepache, mole
What is the correct method for determining when a roast is done? A.cook for 3 hours at 425F, B.cook for 3 hours per pound of meat, C.cook 45 minutes per pound of meat, or D.use a meat thermometer to determine the internal temperature of the roast
D. use a meat thermometer to determine the internal temp of the roast (145F for safety)
Give an example of a savory custard.
Quiche, chawanmushi
What is the name of pastry that is marketed as eclair at Dunkin Donuts?
Long Johns
Which browning reaction occurs between reducing sugars and amino acids?
Maillard reaction.
What restaurant chain popularized the short spelling version of doughnuts?
Dunkin Donuts
Name the five vegetables traditionally found on the platter of a New England boiled dinner.
Potatoes, carrots, cabbage, beets, and onions
The chef prepared pudding for the satellite kitchen and when it was served it had liquid on top of the gel. This is:
Syneresis
What icing contains cocoa butter?
Couveture
Which ingredient is primarily responsible for gluten formation in wheat dough?
Wheat proteins (gliadin and glutenin).
Pozole is a fermented soup or stew from which country?
Mexico
What is the name of croissant wrapped around chocolate?
Pain au chocolat
Name the following wheat types from lowest to highest protein content: Pastry, Bread, All purpose, Whole Wheat, First Clear
Pastry, All purpose, Whole wheat, Bread, First Clear
What food is made by specially fattening the liver of a duck or goose?
Foi Gras
Moist heat methods (braising and stewing) of cooking are recommended for which meat cut?
Chuck
When making lemon pie, the lemon juice should be added:
Which test is used to check if the dough is properly kneaded or not? Describe it.
Window pane test (Take a small ball of the dough and stretch it into a square. Keep on stretching until it becomes a thin film in the middle without breaking. The dough must be thin enough to pass light through it. If it is obtained without any tear, then your dough is properly kneaded.)
Name 4 components in an English Afternoon Tea.
Tea, Sandwiches, Scones, Cakes
When making fudge how do you decrease the formation of sugar crystals?
By beating it during cooling
What is the name of the pasta that translates to the plural form of "bride and groom"?
The word 'biscuit' derives from a latin word 'biscotus'. What is the literal meaning of this word?
Twice cooked (bis- twice, cotus- cooked)
Explain the chemistry behind sugar crystallization and its control in confectionery.
Crystallization depends on supersaturation and nucleation. Control strategies include agitation control, interfering agents (glucose, invert sugar), temperature management, and moisture control.
What equipment known as "double pot", is made out of two stacked pots?
Bain Marie
Is hard candy crystalline or non-crystalline?
Non-crystalline
What are muffins classified in England?
Leavened Bread
In different situations, the term 'ounces' can refer to different types of measurements; what are the 2 general categories ounces may measure.
Weight and Volume
What is the coating left behind on the back of the spoon after being dipped into a sauce?
Nappe
What is the name of lactic acid bacteria commonly found in type I sourdough?
Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis
8 cups is how many gallons?
Half gallon
What 3 properties are the major functional uses of eggs in products?
Coagulation when heated, foaming ability, emulsifying properties
In baking, what does baking a pastry blind mean?
Baking the pastry without a filling
Fresh garden herbs may be used to enhance the flavor of many foods. In comparison with dried herbs, approximately how much of minced fresh herbs are generally recommended for use?
Three times as much
In what type of sourdough is yeast not used?
Type I
Which reaction is responsible for browning on baked bread crusts?
Maillard reaction.
What are the three types of frying?
Shallow, Deep, Stir
What is the difference between single acting and double acting baking powder?
Single acid has one acid whereas double acting has two acids; In a single action product, such as baking soda, once exposed to moisture, it reacts once. In a double action product, such as baking powder, the products reacts once when it is exposed to moisture and then again when exposed to heat
What are the two main types of chinese flaky pastry?
Huaiyang/Cantonese
Name the country/region of origin for the following foods: Japchae, Lutefisk, Poutine, Mofongo, Injera
What is the ratio of a traditional French mirepoix?
2 part onions, 1 part carrots, 1 part celery
Millet, Maize, and Sorghum are examples of what grain type?
Warm season cereals
If sugar is decreased in a recipe for yeast bread, the result will be:
Decreased volume
What gas is produced by baking powder during baking?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
When wines, liqueurs, and distilled spirits are used in food preparation, essentially all of the alcohol will evaporate during cooking. T/F
FALSE (it takes 3 hours to fully evaporate alcohol in food trace)
What is the name of thin pastry layers separated by fat?
Laminated dough
What pastry tool is used to adjust the thickness of the pastry dough?
Pastry Brake
What is the name of the traditional, highly acidic fermented cabbage dish of Korea, often seasoned with gochugaru?
Kimchi
What is the pastry that was the precursor to croissants, from Hungary?
Kifli
Made with different cheeses around the world, the New York style of this dessert uses cream cheese.
Cheesecake
What is the another name for puff pastry?
Pâte Feuilletée
What is the name of the french bread that has a high egg and butter content?
Brioche
What food product comes from the Norse word "kaka"?
Cake
Which fermented product uses Aspergillus oryzae as a starter culture?
Soy sauce (or miso).
A beef hotdog topped with beanless meat chili sauce, mustard, and onions is known by which island name?
Coney island hot dog
Describe the difference between a béchamel and a velouté sauce.
Béchamel: Uses cream as a base; Velouté: Uses stock or broth as a base
What is a 'baker's percentage'?
Scale where the amount of flour is set to 100%, and other ingredients are expressed as a weight percentage of flour
The characteristic mixture of ground spices often used in Indian cooking is popularly known as what?
Garam masala (masala also acceptable)
List the following flours from the least % of protein (gluten) to the greatest. All-purpose flour, amaranth flour, bread flour, corn flour, rye flour, whole wheat flour
What are the roles of Glutanin and Gliadin in dough?
Glutanin is responsible for dough elasticity; gliadin is responsible for dough strength.
Ravioli is an example of what type of pasta?
Filled
Egg tart is a pie from which country?
China
What is the name of the tool used to shred cheese?
Grater
What is the name for a tall chef’s hat?
Toque
What is the state muffin of Minnesota?
Blueberry
What component of curry is responsible for its yellow color?
Turmeric
What is the name of the butter sauce made by cold water and whisked butter?
Beurre Monte
Why does enriched flour rise more than whole wheat flour?
Contains food for yeast like amylases and ammonium sulfate
What is the name of the italian flatbread orignating from the latin word "focus"?
Focaccia
In sugar confectionery, what is the term for a mixture that contains both a crystalline phase and a syrup phase, such as fudge or fondant?
Crystalline candy
What is the name of vietnamese waffles known for their distinct green color?
Pandan
What pastry tool is commonly used for decoration and filling?
Pastry Bag
Focaccia al rosmario has what herb added to focaccia?
Rosemary
What is the name of the bread made by fermentation of wild lactic acid bacteria and yeast?
Sourdough
What is the name for thin pastry cream?
Creme patissiere (Pastry Cream)
Spices may specifically described as: a. leaves and stems of soft-stemmed plants. b. bark, roots, buds, flowers, and seeds. c. any fresh plant that is used to flavor food. d. NON-aromatic vegetable products
B
Baking powder is a combination of what?
Acid and sodium bicarbonate
Marinades are usually made of 3 components; acid, oil, and herbs. What is the purpose of adding acid?
The acid helps to partially denature the meat's proteins, opening up 'tunnels' in the meat structure where flavor can seep in
What three ingredients are used in pasta?
Egg, Water, Flour
What is Swiss-style yogurt?
Fruit is pre-mixed into the yogurt
Milano, Monte Carlo, and Oreos are brands of which types of cookies?
Sandwich cookies
Why does whipping egg whites build a foam?
Surface area increases due to protein denaturation and aggregation; ovamucin forms a film of insoluble material stabilizing the foam.
What is Francois Boullier credited with inventing back in the 1540s that has made the life of many a chef easier, especially when making Welsh rarebit or potato rosti?
Grater
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "shells"?
Conchglie
Classify the following pies as American or British: Key Lime, Apple, Pumpkin, Pork, Pecan, Steak
American Pies: Key Lime, Apple, Pumpkin, Pecan
British Pies: Pork, Steak
Kue Gapit is a waffle containing what type of flour?
Tapioca
In Indonesia, what is the doughnut flour made from?
Potato
What is the name of thick cream made by heating a full cream of cow's milk, then cooled slowly in shallow pans?
Clotted cream
Potassium bicarbonate, ammonicum bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonates are examples of what type of leavening agent?
Leavening Bases
The name for a mixture of fat and flour that is used to thicken sauces?
Roux
Twisted doughnuts are originated in which country?
South Korea
What is the state muffin of New York?
Apple
What is the general name of foods prepared following Jewish religious traditions?
Kosher Foods
What is a savory, usually acidic, sauce in which meat is soaked to enrich its flavor or to tenderize it?
Marinade
Unleavened flatbread in the Jewish cuisine is called?
Matza
What type of sourdough requires a drying process?
Type III
What variety of dutch pancake is thinner than american pancakes but thicker than crepes?
Pannekoek
Buckwheat and Quinoa are examples of what grain type?
Pseudocereals
Sauce Maltaise is prepared by adding orange zest and blood orange juice to which French mother sauce?
What is the difference in a pudding made with an egg substitute instead of a whole egg?
The coagulation temperature is lower
What pastry type comes from the greek word phyllo, or "leaf"?
Filo
Spandeur-style danishes contains what type of custard?
Vanilla
What leavening agent is used in american waffles?
Baking powder
What is sushi traditionally wrapped in?
Seaweed
In food service, what does the term cross-contact mean?
Unintentionally bringing food in contact with an allergen
What icing usually contains gelatin and glycerine?
Fondant
Put the following types of sugar into order from finest particle size to largest particle size; sanding sugar, pearl sugar, confectioners’ sugar, cane sugar and granulated sugar
Confectioners, cane sugar, granulated, sanding, pearl sugar
What South Asian is made from maida flour and stuffed with mashed potatos?
Samosa
What compound is produced by Lactobacillus sanfrancisco (Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis) that is important to making sourdough bread?
Lactic acid
What does beurrage stand for in puff pastry?
Solid Fat
A Caprese salad traditionally includes tomato, mozarella and what other ingredient?
Basil
There are three main types of sourdough based on fermentation methods. Explain the differences.
Type I sourdough is the traditional form, maintained through continuous refreshment with flour and water. It relies on a stable culture of wild yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, fermented at room temperature. This type is used for artisan breads and requires frequent feeding to remain active.
Type II sourdough is a semi-liquid or dough-like sourdough, fermented under controlled conditions for a longer time, typically at higher temperatures. It has stronger acidity and is often used in industrial bread production, as it can be stored for longer periods before use.
Type III sourdough is a dehydrated or inactive form of sourdough, where fermentation is stopped, and the culture is dried for later use. It is commonly found in commercial baking, as it provides sourdough flavor without the need for continuous maintenance.
Retrogradation of a pudding can be reversed by:
Gently heating
What swedish pastry is known as kanelbulle?
Cinnamon bun/Cinnamon roll
What does rendering involves?
Heating and cooking of raw materials to liquify the fat to break down membranes or other structures that hold fat.
What are crisp cookies known as in countries outside North America?
What is the difference between all purpose flour and cake flour?
Total protein content
Name the Korean analog of sauerkraut.
Kimchi
Pulses are edible parts of what plant type?
Legumes
If a cake has a fallen center and a very dark crust, the cause is:
Too much sugar
What is the name of the pasta that translates "to line"?
Rigatoni
What is the difference between sherbet and sorbet?
Sherbet is made with milk or another fat. Sorbet can be made with almost anything, but they are usually fruit-based.
What ingredient in cookies primarily determines spread during baking?
Fat (type and melting point)
What pastry tool is used to chop fat into flour?
Pastry Blender
Give three brands of sandwich cookies.
Milano, Monte Carlo, Oreo, Hydrox, Little Debbie, Pepperidge Farm, Lance, Trader Joe’s, Lotus Biscoff, Mother’s Cookies, Nutter Butter
What naples pastry is made from salty bread dough?
Calzones
Spherification is a culinary process of shaping liquids into spheres. It was developed first by what company?
Unilever
What is the pastry named after the French word for 'cabbage'?
Choux pastry
What pastry type uses steam as a leavening agent?
Choux
What Indian flatbread is commonly made out of maida flour and mashed potatoes?
Kulcha
In cake recipes at atm pressure, name 4 changes at high altitude to prevent problems:
1. Reduce leavening agents (baking powder, baking soda) to prevent overexpansion and collapse.
2. Increase liquid (water, milk, eggs) to compensate for faster evaporation and maintain moisture.
3. Reduce sugar to strengthen the cake structure and prevent excessive tenderness.
4. Increase oven temperature slightly to help the cake set before it over-expands.
5. Decrease baking time since cakes bake faster at higher altitudes.
6. Increase flour slightly to provide more structure and stability.
7. Adjust mixing technique by beating batter less to avoid incorporating too much air.
From a chemical reaction standpoint why are eggs used to glaze cakes?
They provide the protein needed for Maillard reactions.
What are the three flavors in the layered Italian ice cream dish known as spumoni?
Cherry, pistachio, and chocolate
What particular concern does ammonium bicarb pose when used in a leavening system?
Product must be baked to dryness to eliminate off-flavors
What are the three main types of meringues and how are they made?
Italian, Swiss and French
French is egg whites beaten with sugar.
Italian is a egg white beaten with hot sugar syrup.
Swiss is egg whites beaten with sugar over heat.
What is the name of flour that has the lowest amount of protein?
Cake Flour
When baking, what can you substitute for buttermilk?
Milk with lemon juice or white vinegar
What is the leavening base used in baking soda?
Sodium Bicarbonate
Which starch fraction primarily retrogrades during bread staling?
Amylopectin.
What is the name of bread leavened by chemicals instead of yeast?
Quick Bread
Give 3 examples of sourdough bread.
Traditional sourdough bread, San Francisco sourdough, sourdough boule, sourdough batard, sourdough rye bread, whole wheat sourdough, multigrain sourdough, sourdough ciabatta, sourdough focaccia, and sourdough breadsticks
Sauerkraut results from what kind of fermentation process?
Lactic Acid
What french pastry is made from merengue, sugar, almond meal, and food coloring?
Macaron
What does lyonnaise mean?
Lyonnaise is a French culinary term that refers to a style of preparing food, particularly potatoes or onions, in a way that is characteristic of the city of Lyon, France.
What is the role of gluten in bread making?
Gluten forms an elastic network trapping CO2, contributing the texture and structure
What nut is traditionally on the Waldorf salad?
Walnut
Which polymorphic form of cocoa butter provides optimal chocolate snap and gloss?
Form V (β₂).
Roux is used for?
Thickening of sauces
What two flavors make mocha?
Coffee and chocolate
What two factors determine the flour type?
Protein content and ash
How many layers are baklavas in Greece, an ode to the years of Christ's life?
33
A cookie recipe calls for one cup of butter; you will be using shortening instead. How much shortening should you use:
7/8 cup
The cook prepared french fries from potatoes stored in the refrigerator. They will brown unevenly due to:
Increase in sugar content
Candy corn is made to look like corn kernels, how many times larger is a candy corn compared to a real corn kernel?
3 times larger
Which of the following is not a mother sauce of France? A. Sauce Veloute B. Sauce Espagnole C. Sauce Bordelaise D. Sauce Bechamel
C. Sauce Bordelaise
What baked product is traditionally leavened using yeast?
Bread.
What is the main ingredient in coleslaw?
Raw cabbage
You have a new recipe for a salad dressing for Caesar salad that calls for an egg. The egg acts as an emulsifier. What is the phospholipid that acts as an emulsifier in egg yolk?
Lecithin
What is the term for adding a layer of fat outside of meat?
Barding
How much sugar is in one cotton candy?
1-2 tbsp (10-20 g)
What is the name of waffle variety from South Korea, the mix of waffle and croissants?
Croffle
What french pastry translates to "lightning"?
Eclair
What is the name of the waffle that is made thin with a syrup filling?
Stroopwafels
What are the 3 principle ingredients of home baking powder?
Sodium bicarbonate, cream of tartare, cornstarch
Bundle of herbs is called?
Boque garni
What are the 4 principle sweeteners used in icings and glazes?
Sucrose, dextrose, invert sugar and corn syrup
What are the two most efficient fat replacers for the development of low-fat cakes?
Pectin and inulin
What french custard contains almonds?
Frangipane Cream
What is the name of spanish doughnuts made by forming dough into the shape of tubes?
Churros
Sangak, Rugbrod and Maltese bread are examples of what type of bread?
Sourdough
Give 3 examples of sweetbread.
Roti bolen, Pan Dulce, Pandesal, Cinnamon Rolls, Hot Cross Buns, Monkey Bread, Chelsea Buns, Lemon Bread, Fruit Breads (e.g., Banana Bread, Zucchini Bread), Panettone (Italian Christmas bread), Krantz Cake (also known as Babka), Gingerbread, Marmalade Bread
What is the name of cooking technique that involves cooking an item by submerging it in a liquid that is barely simmering?
Poaching
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "hollow"?
Cavatelli
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "blessed, happy"?
Macaroni
The word biscotti is derived from the Latin words 'bis coctus', but what does this mean in English?
Twice baked
Give 3 examples of choux pastry.
Churros, Eclair, Beignets
In Italy, a 'quattro formaggi' pizza contains what?
Four cheeses
What are the terms of the 2-step process when using a pre-fermented mix of bread making?
Sponge and dough
How are red velvet cakes naturally colored red?
Natural chemical reaction between raw cocoa powder, acidic ingredients like buttermilk and vinegar, and baking soda
Explain the difference between caramelization and the Maillard reaction.
Caramelization involves thermal degradation of sugars alone, while the Maillard reaction occurs between reducing sugars and amino acids, producing complex flavor and color compounds.
What is the difference between a Lady Baltimore cake and a Lord Baltimore cake?
Lady Baltimore cake is a white layer cake with a fruit and nut filling; Lord Baltimore cake is a yellow layer cake with a cream or custard filling
What are the five sugar heating stages for making caramel?
thread, firm ball, soft crack, hard crack, caramel
Fat is important in baking. Provide 1 example of how butter is important in bread making, cake baking, and cookie baking.
Bread – lubricates the dough and helps maintain gases, resulting in well-risen loaf, soft crumb
Cake – changes the emulsion from water in oil to oil in water the batter volume increases, it can also help retain gases during baking. Improves the texture
Cookies – fat prevents the development of gluten
Chili powder is an example of a: 1. seed. 2. herb. 3. true spice. 4. spice blend.
Spice blend
Semolina is found from what part of the durum?
Wheat middlings
What are the two chemicals used in spherification?
Sodium alginate, calcium chloride
Name three examples of crystalline candy.
Crystalline candies have a structure of a small crystal, are smooth, creamy, and easily chewed. Examples include fondants and fudge
What does IHOP stand for?
International House of Pancakes
What leavening gas is produced by baking soda in the presence of acid?
Carbon dioxide.
What is the major difference between all-purpose flour and cake flour?
Protein content
What does the abbreviation oz represent while cooking and what is it used to measure?
Ounces. Oz can measure weight or volume (fluid oz can measure fluid volume).
What is the name for the French dish of thin pancakes?
Crepes
What chemical reaction is primarily responsible for bread staling?
Starch retrogradation
The role of spices in Indian history does not include: A. For health benefits B. For preservation C. For reducing salt addition D. For masking unpleasant tastes and odors
C. for reducing salt addition
What is the process of staling called?
Retrogradation
What is the name of pie from Kentucky, named after the event in early May?
Derby Pie
Classifying baking powders containing the following ingredients as either fast acting or slow acting.
Tartrates, orthophosphates, sodium acyl pyrophosphate, sodium aluminum phosphate, sodium aluminum sulfate.
What are the two main ingredients of a popular Latin American dessert 'dulce de leche'?
Milk and sugar
Chiffon, marble, and bundt are types of what?
Cake
4 quarts: ? gallon
One gallon
What is the second most commonly used wheat in bread?
Durum wheat
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "cooking pot"?
Lasagna
In the UK, what is the name for cookies cut after baking?
Bar cookies
What is a cock-a-leekie soup?
Scottish soup dish of leeks and chicken stock often thickened with rice or barley
What is the name of flatbread from the mediterranean?
Pita
Name two variety of waffles origininating from the US.
American, Belgian
What enzyme is different between wheat and rye?
Amylase
Name the four base sauces set forth by Antonin Careme in the 19th century that is known as the French mother sauces.
Sauce Tomat, Béchamel, Velouté, and Espagnole
What is the name of spanish fried turnover?
Empanada
Name two sauces made from butter and egg yolk
Bernaise/Hollandaise
What is the leavening agent in sponge cakes?
Eggs
What does BLT stand for?
Bacon Lettuce Tomato
What is the classic Valencian dish made from rice, poultry, and rabbit?
Paella
Hot water crust pastry commonly uses what kind of fat?
Lard
What are the three ingredients mainly found in mirepoix?
Onions, carrots, and celery
Butter w/what other ingredient, used as an emulsifier, is used in preparation of Bearnaise Sause?
Egg yolk, which have lecithin (natural emulsifier)
In the brunch menu item eggs benedict, how are the eggs prepared?
Poached eggs
Do Sous-Vide products need refrigeration?
Yes
A homemade baking powder can be prepared by mixing:
Baking soda and cream of tartar
Cavatappi, Conchglie, and Mararoni are examples of what type of pasta?
Short
What is the name for Italian soup with meatballs?
Italian wedding soup
What country originally developed danishes?
Austria
Name six ingredients of Ras El Hanout, a popular Arabic spice mix.
Cardamom, cumin, clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace, allspice, dry ginger, chilli peppers, coriander seeds, peppercorn, sweet and hot paprika, fenugreek, dry turmeric, etc.
What ingredient provides structure in cakes by forming gluten?
Flour (specifically wheat proteins)
Meringue is supposed to be mixed in a bowl made of what type of metal, and why?
Copper; copper bowls are traditionally used for whipping egg whites into meringue because copper ions form weak bonds with conalbumin, one of the egg white proteins. This stabilizes the foam and helps prevent overbeating and graininess by slowing down the denaturation process, leading to a more stable and voluminous meringue.
What is a fluffernutter?
Sandwich with marshmallow and peanut butter
What is the term used when garnishing with almonds?
Amandine
Because some cooking oils turn cloudy when refrigerated oils intended for salad dressing are treated by:
Winterization
What is the main ingredient in the Southern dish, the potlikker?
Collard Greens
How many layers of puff pastry is necessary for 2 folds for 3 times?
27 ((2+1)^3)
List the common flour products in order from least to greatest amount of protein: pastry flour, all-purpose flour, cake flour, and bread flour.
Name the process whereby food is heated under vacuum but not sufficiently to sterilize it?
Sous-Vide
What icing contains almond meal?
Marzipan
When using a ceramic, plastic, or stainless steel mixing bowl, the addition of what ingredient will help to achieve a more stable meringue?
Cream of tartar
To prevent clustering of crystals when making fondant:
Increase sugar concentration
What is the name of the pasta that translates "to cut"?
Tagliatelle
What Italian pasta name translates to “little worms”?
Vermicelli.
Most cuisines have some form of a stuffed dumpling, where a filling is enclosed by a doughy wrapper. One popular Chinese dumpling is fried and then steamed, and its name suggests a challenge that they can present to the cook. What are these dumplings called?
Potstickers
Savory pies commonly use what kind of pastry?
Hot Water Crust
What is the name of the german doughnut without a hole and jam in the center?
Berliner
2 cups equal to how many pints?
one pint
What is the name of the pasta that translates to "butterflies"?
Farfalle
What is the former name of Dunkin Donuts?
Open Kettle
What name is foccacia known as in Rome?
Pizza Bianca (White Pizza)
What icing contains egg white, powdered sugar, and lemon or lime?
Royal Icing
What is the lipid source in commerical danish products?
Hydrogenated sunflower oil
What is the name of the long french bread from lean dough?
Baguette
The amount of time that a food is allowed to stand so that the residual heat can be transferred by conduction is known as:
Standing time
Give three examples of shortcrust pastry.
Pie crusts (used for both sweet and savory pies), tart crusts (for fruit tarts, lemon tarts, etc.), quiche crusts, shortbread (a type of biscuit or cookie), empanada pastry, hand pies (miniature versions of pies, often filled with fruit or savory ingredients), and pastel de nata crust (used in Portuguese custard tarts)
With which of the following cooking methods would you obtain the greatest non-enzymatic browning: braising, grilling, or stewing?
Braising
What is the term that describes food placed in a plastic pouch and then cooked for a long time in a water bath or steam at a low temperature?
Sous vide (poaching is different and at higher temperatures)
What additional ingredient in pastry allows for a crumbly/flaky texture?
Shortening, Fat
What is the most commonly used wheat in bread?
Common wheat
What type of yeasted bread dough is low in fats and sugar?
Lean dough
What does detrempe stand for in puff pastry?
Dough
What spice from the dried leaves of an herb in the mint family gives pork sausage its typical flavor?
Sage
Give the country of origins of the following ethnic foods: Kimchi, Tempeh, Idli, Miso.
Kimchi - Korea, tempeh - Indonesia, idli - India, Miso - Japan
What Indian flatbread is made from stoneground whole wheat flour?
Roti
What are 5 characteristic toppings of a Cobb salad?
Tomato, bacon, hard-boiled eggs, avocado, chives, Roquefort / blue cheese, red wine vinaigrette
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