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Second Faculty of Medicine
Subject No category / Others
Language of creation English 492 flashcards
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Cards in this set Card 241
Question
Define the common therapeutic dose of intravenous hydrocortisone administred during an acute situation. In which acute situation this treatment should be applied?
Answer ADDISON CRISIS. 100MG BOLUS + 100 MG 6-8H (MAX 300-400 MG/24H). APPLIED IN SURGERY, PNEUMONIA, SEPSIS, TRAUMA
Card 242
Question
What means tetany?
Answer INCREASED MUSCULAR SPASMS (DECREASED Ca AND Mg)
Card 243
Question
What are typical symptoms of thyreotoxicosis?
Answer LOSS OF WEGHT, TACHYARRHYTHMIA, INCREASED HR, PALPITATIONS, DIARRHEA, TIREDNESS
Card 244
Question
What are typical symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Answer WEIGHT GAIN, BRADYCARDIA, HOARSENESS, COLD INTOLERANCE, CONSTIPATION, MYXEDEMA, OBSTIPATION, DECREASED BP
Card 245
Question
What does the term "goitre" mean?
Answer ENLARGED THYROID GLAND
Card 246
Question
List two main causes of hypercalcemia
Answer INCREASED PTH, MALIGNANCY, SARCOIDOSIS
Card 247
Question
Which laboratory parameter is the most useful in patient with hypercalcemia and why?
Answer PTH TO DISTINGUISH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, SERUM Ca + P (Ca > 2.75 mmol/l and P< 0.65 mmol/l)
Card 248
Question
What are the most common signs of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Answer NEPHROLITHIASIS, POLYURIA, INCREASED Ca, OSTEODYSTROPHY, BONE PAIN, NEPHROCALCINOSIS, PANCREATITIS, STOMACH ULCERS, WEAKNESS, FATIGUE
Card 249
Question
What signs and symptoms could inform us about possible hypocalcemia?
Answer TETANY, DECREASED BP, ARRHYTMIA, NAUSE, VOMITING, ANOREXIA, ECG W/ LONG QT
Card 250
Question
Which hormonal deficit is the most important in pituitary insufficiency and why?
Answer ACTH – RISK OF ADDISON CRISIS (hypotension,DECREASED GLUCOSE, INCREASED K)
Card 251
Question
How can we differentiate polyuria caused by diabetes insipidus from polyuria in diabetes mellitus or due to hyperparathyroidism?
Answer URINE OSMOLARITY OR VASOPRESSIN TEST
Card 252
Question
What is the leading sign in an adult patient with elevated growth hormone production?
Card 253
Question
Why is abrupt interruption of long-term corticosteroid treament (with medium or high doses) dangerous?
Answer ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICINECY – DEPRESSIN OF HPA AXIS (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis)
Card 254
Question
What are clinical signs of hyperaldosteronism?
Answer HT, MUSCULAR FATIGUE, PARALYSIS, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS, INCREASED Na, DECREASED K, POLYURIA, PALPITATIONS
Card 255
Question
What symptoms could tell us about possible pheochromocytoma?
Answer PAROXYSMAL HT WITH BP CRISIS (50%), PERSISTENT HT (50%), HEADACHE, PALPITATIONS, PALLOR, SWEATING, NAUSEA, DYSPNEA, NERVOUSNESS
Card 256
Question
What treatment should be instituted in a patient with adrenal (Addisonian) crisis?
Answer 100MG BOLUS HYDROCORTISONE + 100MG 6-8H I.V.
Card 257
Question
List other endocrine diseases associated with type 1 diabetes. (at least one)
Answer AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS, GASTRITIS, CELIAC DESEASE
Card 258
Question
What are clinical signs and symptoms telling us about suddenly developed anemia?
Answer Dyspnea, weakness, pallor, tachycardia, orthostatic hypoT, syncope, vertigo
Card 259
Question
What is the most common cause underlying development of microcytic anaemia?
Answer Chronic blood loss (gyn, GIT, uro)
Card 260
Question
Which morphologic characteristic is important for differentiation of anemias?
Answer MCV , MCH, RDW, reticulocyte count
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