Master sheet

What is the sum of all chemical reactions in an organism?

Metabolism

What compound is considered the universal methyl group donor in metabolic processes?

Methionine

As compared to an aerobic cell, does an anaerobic cell have to consume much larger, much smaller, or the same quantities of glucose per unit of time to accomplish the same amount of cellular work?

Much larger amounts of glucose

Which organ is responsible for the secretion of insulin?

Pancreas

The production of ethanol and lactate from glucose using phosphoketolase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes is called the PPP pathway. What does PPP stand for?

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

PEP-PTS is a transport system that plays a vital role in fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. What does PEP-PTS stand for?

Phosphoenolpyruvate-Phosphotransferase System

What is the major rate limiting or regulatory enzyme in glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase

What muscle enzyme catalyzes the formation of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen?

Phosphorylase

What is PDCAAS?

Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score, a method of evaluating protein quality based off of human amino acid requirements and digestibility

What is the substrate for lactate dehydrogenase in glycolysis to produce lactate?

Pyruvate

Whenever ATP generation is coupled directly with a specific reaction in a metabolic pathway, it is referred to as what type of phosphorylation?

Substrate-level phosphorylation

The glycolytic pathway was the first major metabolic sequence to be elucidated. Most of the decisive work was done in the 1930's by the German biochemists Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas, whom gave the sequence what alternative name?

The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway

What is the P/O ratio?

The number of molecules of ATP produced per gram atom of oxygen

What does the term phenotype refer to?

The observable properties of an organism.

Malic acid, oxaloacetic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, and citric acid are important intermediates of what metabolic cycle?

Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle

Insulin is found in a complex with what mineral?

Zinc

In organisms that create alcohol, pyruvate must first be converted to what compound before being converted to alcohol?

Acetylaldehyde

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate

What enzyme catalyses the conversion of acetaldehyde to ethanol in fermentation?

alcohol dehydrogenase

What are the end products of scission and dismutation?

Aldehydes and ketones