Metabolism is often sub-divided into two specific processes, anabolism and catabolism. What is the principle difference between these processes?
Answer
Anabolism involves synthetic reactions, and catabolism involves destructive reactions to release energy.
Card 302
Question
What is the function of Lohmann reaction which uses ATP creatine phosphotransferase?
Answer
To replenish ATP
Card 303
Question
The expenditure of energy required to maintain basic life processes is called BMR. What does BMR stand for?
Answer
Basal Metabolic Rate
Card 304
Question
Which element is required for optimal utilization of glucose by aiding in the binding of insulin?
Answer
Chromium
Card 305
Question
Nicotinamide and riboflavin are necessary in the diets of humans. They play a role in energy metabolism as constituents of what type of important compounds?
Answer
Coenzymes (proton and electron carriers)
Card 306
Question
What is cAMP?
Answer
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Card 307
Question
What is the role of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction and rigor mortis?
Answer
During muscle contraction, it transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. In rigor mortis, it decreases ATP formation.
Card 308
Question
How many molecules of ATP will each of the following yield when they are oxidized by the ETC: a) FADH2 b) NADH + H+?
Answer
FADH2 yields 2 ATP; NADH + H+ yields 3 ATP
Card 309
Question
Fructose enters the glycolytic pathway as what compound?
Answer
Fructose-6-phosphate
Card 310
Question
What hormone increases appetite?
Answer
Ghrelin, leptin
Card 311
Question
What happens during aerobic glycolysis?
Answer
Glycogen → glucose + O2 → CO2 + energy + H2O
Card 312
Question
What are the two major pathways involved in the aerobic metabolism of glucose?
Answer
Glycolysis and the TCA/Krebs cycle
Card 313
Question
Glucose can be broken down either aerobically or anaerobically using what pathway?
Answer
Glycolysis EMB pathway
Card 314
Question
Glycolysis comes from the Greek roots glykos and lysis. What are the literal interpretations of these two terms?
Answer
Glykos means sweet, and lysis means losing/disappearing/breaking down. Overall, it means a loss of sweetness
Card 315
Question
What is the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis in the liver?
Answer
Hmg-Co-reductase
Card 316
Question
What compound is formed after methionine demethylation?
Answer
Homocysteine
Card 317
Question
What hormone lowers glucose levels? Unlike glucose and fructose, xylitol can be metabolized in the human body independently of what hormone? What substance did Canadians Charles Best and Frederick Banting discover in 1922 while studying the pancreas of dogs?
Answer
Insulin
Card 318
Question
Name a hormone that suppresses appetite.
Answer
Insulin, cholecystokinin, leptin, PYY (peptide YY), etc.
Card 319
Question
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid in fermentation?
Answer
Lactate dehydrogenase
Card 320
Question
What role does leptin play in the body?
Answer
Leptin helps regulate appetite/hunger and metabolism
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