NMDRUG2

MAGNESIUM SULFATE MOA

Reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholinesterase release at the myoneural junction; manages seizures in toxemia of pregnancy; induces uterine relaxation; can cause bronchodilation after beta agonists and anticholinergics have been used.

MANNITOL 20% MOA

Promotes the movement of fluid form the intracellular space to the extracellular space. Decreases cerebral edema and intracranial pressure. Promotes urinary excretion of toxins.

MEPERIDINE (Demerol) MOA

Synthetic opioid agonist that acts on opioid receptors to produce analgesia, euphoria, respiratory and physical depression; a schedule II drug with potential for physical dependency and abuse.

METOPROLOL (Lopressor) MOA

Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors; completely blocks beta1 receptors, with little or no effect on beta 2 receptors at doses <100 mg;

MIDAZOLAM (Versed) MOA

Increased production of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, causing procedural amnesia; anesthesia; skeletal muscle relaxation. Anxiolytic and sedative / hypnotic properties similar to other benzodiazepines.

MORPHINE SULFATE MOA

Alleviates pain through CNS actions Suppresses fear and anxiety centers in brain. Depresses brain stem respiratory centers. Decreases preload and afterload, decreasing myocardial oxygen demand.

NALOXONE (Narcan) MOA

Competitive inhibition at narcotic receptor sites. Reverse respiratory depression secondary to depressant drugs. Completely inhibits the effect of morphine.

NITROGLYCERIN MOA

Smooth muscle relaxant with dilation of arterioles and veins in the periphery, reduces preload and afterload, decreases the workload of the heart and, thereby, myocardial oxygen demand.

NITROPASTE MOA

Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vascular, bronchial, uterine and intestinal smooth muscle. Dilation of arterioles and veins in the periphery reduces preload and afterload, decreases the workload of the heart and, thereby, myocardial oxygen demand.

NOREPINEPHRINE (Levophed) MOA

Potent alpha-agonist resulting in intense peripheral vasoconstriction, positive chronotropic and increased inotropic effect with increased cardiac output. Alpha adrenergic activity resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction and beta-adrenergic activity leading to inotropic stimulation of the heart and coronary artery vasodilation.

ONDANSETRON (Zofran) MOA

Selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, blocking serotonin, both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the CNS chemoreceptor trigger zone

OXYGEN MOA

Reverses hypoxemia.

PANCURONIUM (Pavulon) MOA

Pancuronium produces complete muscular relaxation by binding to the receptor for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, without initiating depolarization of the muscle membrane. As the concentration of acetylcholine rises in the neuromuscular junction, Pancuronium is displaced and muscle tone is regained.

PRALIDOXIME CHLORIDE (2-PAM, Protopam) MOA

Reactivation of cholinesterase to effectively act as an antidote to organophosphate pesticide poisoning. This action allows for destruction of accumulated acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.

PROCAINAMIDE (Pronestyl) MOA

Suppresses phase IV depolarization in normal ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers, reducing automaticity of ectopic pacemakers; suppresses reentry dysrhythmias by slowing intraventricular conduction.

PROMETHAZINE (Phenergan) MOA

H receptor antagonist that blocks the actions of histamines by competitive antagonism at the H receptor. In addition to antihistamine effects, promethazine also possesses sedative, anti-motion, antiemetic, and considerable anticholinergic activity.

RACEMIC EPINEPHRINE MOA

Stimulates alpha-1 receptors reducing subglottic edema in croup by mucosal vascular bed vasoconstriction. Stimulates beta-2 receptors in the smaller airways in lungs causing bronchodilation with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. Reduces airway resistance. Useful in treating laryngeal edema; inhibits histamine release.

ROCURONIUM (Zemuron) MOA

Rocuronium produces complete muscular relaxation by binding to the receptor for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, without initiating depolarization of the muscle membrane. As the concentration of acetylcholine rises in the neuromuscular junction, Pancuronium is displaced and muscle tone is regained.

SODIUM BICARBONATE 8.4% MOA

Reacts with hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide

SUCCINYLCHOLINE (Anectine) MOA

Ultra short acting depolarizing skeletal relaxant that mimics acetylcholine as it binds with the cholinergic receptors on the motor end plate, producing a phase I block as manifested by fasciculations.