Card 81
Question
point mutation
Answer
gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
SACE Biology Topic 1
DNA and Proteins
- Subject
- Sciences / Biology
- Language of creation
- English
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Cards in this set
Card 82
Question
insertion mutation
Answer
a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene
Card 83
Question
deletion mutation
Answer
a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene
Card 84
Question
frameshift mutation
Answer
mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
Card 85
Question
substitution mutation
Answer
Mutation in which a single base is replaced, potentially altering the gene product.
Card 86
Question
Ionising radiation
Answer
Type of radiation such as UV, X ray or gamma rays that can cause mutations in DNA.
Card 87
Question
Mutagenic chemicals
Answer
Any chemical that can cause a mutation in DNA. e.g. nicotine
Card 88
Question
Mutation in germ cell
Answer
passed on to the next generation
Card 89
Question
Mutation in somatic cells
Answer
Will not be passed on to next generation
Card 90
Question
Mutation due to virus
Answer
Viruses can alter the DNA of their host cells
Card 91
Question
Down Syndrome
Answer
a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Card 92
Question
gel electrophoresis
Answer
The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel.
Card 93
Question
short tandem repeats (STRs)
Answer
repeating sequences of noncoding DNA used in DNA profiling
Card 94
Question
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
Answer
technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene
Card 95
Question
restriction enzymes
Answer
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Card 96
Question
EcoRI
Answer
a restriction enzyme that specifically cuts DNA with sequence GAATTC and creates sticky ends
Card 97
Question
sticky ends
Answer
Single stranded ends of DNA left after cutting with enzymes
Card 98
Question
Plasmid
Answer
small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria
Card 99
Question
Ti plasmid
Answer
A plasmid of Agrobacterium that integrates a segment of its DNA into the host chromosome of a plant; frequently used as a carrier for genetic engineering in plants.
Card 100
Question
Agrobacterium
Answer
Infectious organism used to move genes into plants
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