MemoCard lernen mit System

precarious

Definition: likely to become worse

wary of sth or someone

Definition: to be watchful, to be on one's guard against danger

collateral

Definition: 1) additional but subordinate; secondary, 2) (euphemistic) denoting inadvertent casualties and destruction in civilian areas in the course of military operations, 3) descended from the same stock but by a different line, 4) situated side by side; parallel

convene

Definition: to come or bring together for a meeting or activity

bolster

Definition: to support, to strengthen

elusive

Definition: difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember

latent

Definition: existing but not yet developed or manifested

partisan

Definition: prejudiced in favour of a particular cause, (political) party, person or idea

contingent

Definition: 1) subject to chance, 2) (of losses, liabilities, etc.) that can be anticipated to arise if a particular event occurs, 3) occurring or existing only if certain circumstances are the case

enlist

Definition: 1) to engage (a person or their help or support), 2) to enrol or be enrolled in the armed services, 3) to participate actively in a cause or enterprise, 4) to engage the support or cooperation of

sturdy

Definition: physically strong and solid or thick, and therefore unlikely to break or be hurt; strong and determined

agile

Definition: 1) able to move quickly and easily, 2) able to think or understand quickly and easily

proofread

Definition: to read (printer's proofs or other written or printed material) and mark any errors

vicinity

Definition: the area near or surrounding a particular place

confer

Definition: 1) to discuss something, 2) to give someone a title or medal

dexterity

Definition: skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands

conjure up

Definition: 1) to create or achieve something difficult or unexpected, as if by magic, 2) to bring something such as a feeling or memory to your mind, 3) to make something appear using magic powers

meticulously

Definition: done carefully and with great attention to every little detail

proponent

Definition: a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action

vacancy

Definition: 1) a space or place that is available to be used, 2) a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do, 3) empty space

lacklustre

Definition: lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring

complementary

Definition: combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasise the qualities of each other or another

apprehension

Definition: the anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen

tenuous

Definition: very weak or slight; unsubstantial

epiphany

Definition: a sudden insight or intuitive understanding; a moment of sudden revelation

eventuality

Definition: a possible event or outcome

disclosure

Definition: the action of making new or secret information known

far-flung

Definition: 1) distant or remote, 2) widely distributed

chain of events

Definition: a series of actions that follow up on each other, each one caused by its predecessor

adverse

Definition: preventing success or development

consciousness

Definition: state or quality of awareness

countenance

Definition: 1) a person's face or expression, 2) support or approval

vehemently

Definition: showing strong feeling; forceful, passionate, or intense.

opaque

Definition: 1) impossible to see through, 2) hard to understand (especially of language)

give rise to

Definition: cause to happen

inhibition

Definition: a feeling of embarrassment that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a normal, natural way

panacea

Definition: a solution or remedy for all difficulties, problems or diseases

at a stretch

Definition: 1) in one continuous period, 2) only with difficulty or in extreme circumstances

perfunctory

Definition: (of an action) carried out without real interest, feeling, or effort

paragon

Definition: a person or thing regarded as a perfect example of a particular quality

recrimination

Definition: an accusation in answer to an accusation made against oneself

credible

Definition: 1) able to be believed; reasonable to trust or believe, 2) good enough to be effective

secession

Definition: the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state

pivotal

Definition: of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else

hapless

Definition: having no luck, unfortunate and deserving pity

by and large

Definition: everything considered

askew

Definition: crookedly, at an angle

peer review

Definition: evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field

white-collar

Definition: relating to the work done or the people who work in an office or other professional environment

apt

Definition: appropriate or suitable regarding the circumstances

ambivalent

Definition: 1) holding opposite feelings and attitudes at the same time toward someone or something, 2) continually wavering between opposites or alternative courses of action

weary

Definition: physically or mentally exhausted by hard work, exertion, strain

epoch

Definition: 1) a particular period of time in history or a person's life, 2) an extended period of time usually characterised by a distinctive development or by a memorable series of events

guise

Definition: an external form, appearance, or manner of presentation, typically concealing the true nature of something

deter

Definition: to discourage (from acting) or prevent (from occurring), usually by instilling fear, doubt, or anxiety

redress

Definition: to remedy or set right (an undesirable or unfair situation)

stem from

Definition: to be caused by (something or someone); to come from (something or someone)

emblematic

Definition: serving as a symbol of a particular quality or concept; symbolic

manifest

Definition: 1) display or show (a quality or feeling) by one's acts or appearance; demonstrate, 2) prove, 3) become apparent through the appearance of symptoms

allege

Definition: to claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof

instil

Definition: 1) gradually, but firmly establish (an idea, feeling or attitude) in a person’s mind, so that it has a strong influence on this person's way of living, 2) put a substance into something in the form of liquid drops

pathological

Definition: 1) involving or caused by a physical or mental disease, 2) compulsive; obsessive

irreverent

Definition: not showing the expected respect for official, important, or holy things

erudite

Definition: characterised by great knowledge; learned or scholarly

deficient

Definition: 1) insufficient or inadequate, 2) not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient

quintessential

Definition: representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class

infinite

Definition: having no limit or end, boundless, unlimited, immense, vast

perpetual

Definition: ceaseless or never changing

provoke

Definition: 1) to stimulate or give rise to (a reaction or emotion, typically a strong or unwelcome one) in someone, 2) to stimulate or incite (someone) to do or feel something, especially by arousing anger in them 3) deliberately make (someone) annoyed or angry

derivative

Definition: imitative of the work of another artist, writer, etc., and usually disapproved of for that reason

oratory

Definition: the act of public speaking, especially in a formal and eloquent manner

ubiquitous

Definition: existing or being everywhere at the same time, constantly encountered

dawn

Definition: 1) to begin to grow light as the sun rises, 2) to begin to appear or develop, 3) to begin to be perceived or understood

reticent

Definition: unwilling to speak about your thoughts or feelings, not revealing your thoughts or feelings easily

momentous

Definition: of great importance or significance, especially in having a bearing on future events

aforementioned

Definition: denoting a thing or person previously mentioned

coherence

Definition: 1) the quality of being logical and consistent, 2) the quality of forming a unified whole

in hindsight

Definition: understanding the nature of an event after it has actually happened

emanate (from)

Definition: 1) (of something abstract but perceptible) issue or spread out from (a source), 2) originate from; be produced by

denounce

Definition: 1) publicly declare to be wrong or evil or accuse someone of being evil, 2) to criticise something or someone strongly and publicly

involuntary

Definition: against someone's will or done without conscious control

retention

Definition: 1) the act of retaining or state of being retained, 2) the capacity to hold or retain liquid, 3) the capacity to remember

administer

Definition: 1) to manage and be responsible for the running of (a business, organization, etc.), 2) to be responsible for the implementation or use of (law or resources), 3) to dispense or apply (a remedy or drug)

profound

Definition: 1) (of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense, 2) (of a person or statement) having or showing great knowledge or insight

consecutive

Definition: following one after another without an interruption

stakeholder

Definition: 1) someone who has an investment in something, 2) someone who has an interest in something

lucid

Definition: 1) very clear and easy to understand, 2) able to think clearly

tweak

Definition: 1) to improve (a mechanism or system) by making fine adjustments to it, 2) to twist or pull (something) sharply

leap out

Definition: (especially of writing) be conspicuous; stand out

juvenile

Definition: psychologically and/or physically immature or underdeveloped

mainstream

Definition: the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal or conventional

efficacy

Definition: capacity for producing a desired result or effect

refurbish

Definition: to make neat, clean, or complete, as by renovating, re-equipping, or restoring

hunch

Definition: an idea based on a feeling that can't be explained

kudos

Definition: praise and honour received for an achievement

bigotry

Definition: 1) intolerance toward those who hold different opinions from oneself, 2) having and expressing strong, unreasonable beliefs and disliking other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life

primacy

Definition: the fact of being pre-eminent or most important

off the grid

Definition: 1) not connected to the basic services, especially electricity, 2) living in such a way you survive without running water, electricity and modern devices

a bird's eye view

Definition: 1) a view from a high angle as if seen by a bird in flight, 2) an overall or cursory look at something

curt

Definition: appearing rude because very few words are used, or because something is done in a very quick way

fickle

Definition: changing frequently, especially as regards one's loyalties or affections

illiterate

Definition: unable to read or write

lapsed

Definition: having ceased to be active in practice, membership, or belief

inadequacy

Definition: 1) the fact that something is not good enough or is too small in amount, 2) a lack of confidence that makes you feel unable to deal with a situation

curate

Definition: select, organise, and look after the items in a collection or exhibition

ostentatious

Definition: displaying wealth, knowledge in a way that is meant to attract attention, admiration

excerpt

Definition: a short part taken from a speech, book, film, etc.

thrive

Definition: 1) to grow vigorously, 2) to gain in wealth or possessions

aberration

Definition: a state or condition markedly different from the norm

avail oneself of

Definition: use or take advantage of (an opportunity or available resource)

by the book

Definition: strictly according to the rules

deception

Definition: 1) the act of causing someone to accept as true or valid what is false or invalid; the act of deceiving, 2) the fact or condition of being deceived, 3) something that deceives

laughing stock

Definition: a person subjected to general mockery or ridicule

consent

Definition: permission for something to happen or agreement to do something

pawn

Definition: 1) a chess piece of the smallest size and value, 2) a person used by others for their own purposes

aspire

Definition: 1) to direct one's hopes or ambitions toward achieving something, 2) rise high; tower

galore

Definition: in great amounts or numbers

a far cry from

Definition: to be very different to

frown on/upon sth

Definition: to disapprove of something

make amends

Definition: correct a mistake that one has made or a bad situation that one has caused

subvert

Definition: to undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution)

steadfastly

Definition: in a resolutely or dutifully firm and unwavering manner

scope sth out

Definition: to assess or investigate something carefully

eclectic

Definition: composed of elements drawn from various sources

analogous to

Definition: comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things compared

scorn

Definition: 1) feel or express contempt or disdain for, 2) to refuse advice or an offer because you are too proud

invoke

Definition: 1) to cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of an argument, 2) to call earnestly for, 3) to call on (a deity or spirit) in prayer, as a witness, or for inspiration

staunchly

Definition: in a very loyal and committed manner

irrespective (of)

Definition: not taking (something) into account; regardless of

conflicted

Definition: having or showing confused and mutually inconsistent feelings

serendipity

Definition: 1) an unsought, unintended, and/or unexpected, but fortunate, discovery and/or learning experience that happens by accident, 2) a combination of events which are not individually beneficial, but occurring together to produce a good or wonderful outcome

a change of heart

Definition: when you have a change of heart, you change your opinion or feelings about something

leap at

Definition: to accept (an opportunity) eagerly

utmost

Definition: most extreme

a dim view

Definition: having a negative, unfavourable, or disapproving view.

diligent

Definition: having or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties

defy

Definition: to oppose with boldness, offer resistance

enforce

Definition: 1) to force people to obey a law, 2) to make a certain situation happen, 3) to make people accept a certain situation

conscientious

Definition: careful, with attention to detail, willing to complete a task well

jump on the bandwagon

Definition: to participate in something popular or a trend

lenient

Definition: (of a punishment or person in authority) more merciful or tolerant than expected

wily

Definition: skilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully

concur

Definition: 1) to be of the same opinion, 2) to happen at the same time

confine

Definition: 1) keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of (space, scope, or time), 2) restrain or forbid someone from leaving (a place), 3) to be unable to leave

foregone conclusion

Definition: a result that can be predicted with certainty

follow-up

Definition: 1) a continuation or repetition of something that has already been started or done, 2) a further examination or observation of a patient in order to monitor the success of earlier treatment, 3) a piece of work that builds on or exploits the success of earlier work

falter

Definition: to speak hesitantly

pedant

Definition: someone who is excessively concerned with minor details and rules or with displaying academic learning

aspiration

Definition: a strong desire, longing, or aim

colloquial

Definition: denoting a manner of speaking or writing that is characteristic of familiar conversation

juxtaposition

Definition: the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect

nexus

Definition: a connection or series of connections linking two or more things

prosaic

Definition: having or using the style or diction of prose as opposed to poetry; something described as dull, unimaginative or ordinary

fluke

Definition: an unlikely chance occurrence, especially a surprising piece of luck

spurious

Definition: 1) not being what it purports to be; false or fake, 2) (of a line of reasoning) apparently but not actually valid

redundant

Definition: no longer needed or useful

deficiency

Definition: a lack of something that is necessary

subliminal

Definition: below the threshold of sensation or consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it

quid pro quo

Definition: a favour or advantage given in return for something (literally ‘something for something’)

meet (someone's) expectations

Definition: to be as good as or have the qualities that someone predicted, expected, or hoped for

on a par with

Definition: equal in importance or quality to

incessantly

Definition: to do something constantly without stopping

nondescript

Definition: lacking distinctive or interesting features or characteristics

encompassing

Definition: 1) surrounding and having or holding within, 2) including comprehensively

retribution

Definition: punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act

quibble

Definition: to argue or raise objections about a trivial matter

offset

Definition: 1) a consideration or amount that diminishes or balances the effect of an opposite one, 2) the amount or distance by which something is out of line

sparsely

Definition: in a thinly dispersed manner; in small numbers

literate

Definition: 1) able to read and write, 2) having or showing education or knowledge, typically in a specified area

burgeon

Definition: to grow and flourish

albeit

Definition: though, although

cursory

Definition: hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed

exhaustive

Definition: including or considering all elements or aspects; fully comprehensive

quell

Definition: 1) to suppress or beat down, 2) to get rid of unpleasant thoughts or feelings, or to prevent them from becoming stronger

beg the question

Definition: 1) (of a fact or action) to raise a point that has not been dealt with; invite an obvious question, 2) to assume the truth of an argument or proposition to be proved, without arguing it

intercept

Definition: to obstruct (someone or something) so as to prevent them from continuing to a destination

far-fetched

Definition: unlikely or unconvincing

contagious

Definition: 1) transmissible by direct or indirect contact with an infected person, 2) exciting similar emotions or conduct in others

protracted

Definition: lasting for a long time or longer than expected

tentatively

Definition: subject to further confirmation; not definitely

in vain

Definition: without success or result

let alone

Definition: used to indicate that something is far less likely or suitable than something else already mentioned

opt for

Definition: make a choice from a range of possibilities

awry

Definition: away from the usual or expected course

brood

Definition: think deeply about something that makes one unhappy, angry, or worried

laureate

Definition: a person who is honoured with an award for outstanding creative or intellectual achievement

bleak

Definition: empty, not welcoming or attractive, cold and unpleasant, little or no hope for the future

feasible

Definition: able to be carried out

gamut

Definition: the complete range or scope of something

dilute

Definition: 1) weaken a certain quality of something, 2) make something thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid, 3) decrease in value

conformity

Definition: 1) compliance with standards, rules, or laws, 2) behaviour in accordance with socially accepted conventions, 3) similarity in form or type; agreement in character

pervasive

Definition: (especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout an area or a group of people

abrasive

Definition: rude, unfriendly

palatable

Definition: 1) (of an action or proposal) acceptable or satisfactory, 2) (of food or drink) pleasant to taste

implode

Definition: 1) to burst inward, 2) to collapse inward as if from external pressure, 3) to break down or fall apart from within

unhinged

Definition: mentally unbalanced; deranged

peripheral

Definition: relating to or situated on the edge or periphery of something

default

Definition: 1) failure to fulfil an obligation, especially to repay a loan or appear in a law court, 2) something that is usual or standard

precipitous

Definition: 1) dangerously high or steep, 2) done suddenly and without careful consideration

aloof

Definition: 1) not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant, 2) conspicuously uninvolved

erroneously

Definition: in a mistaken way; incorrectly

mitigate

Definition: to make (something bad) less severe, serious, or painful

entail

Definition: to involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence

abide by

Definition: to accept or act in accordance with (a rule, decision, or recommendation)

insurmountable

Definition: (especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be overcome

leap

Definition: 1) to jump or spring a long way, to a great height, or with great force, 2) to jump across, 3) to move quickly and suddenly, 4) to make a sudden rush to do something; act eagerly and suddenly, 5) (of a price, amount, etc.) increase dramatically

inclination

Definition: 1) a person's natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way; a disposition, 2) the angle at which a straight line or plane is inclined to another, 3) the fact or degree of sloping

bluster

Definition: 1) to talk in a loud, aggressive, or indignant way with little effect, 2) (of a storm, wind, or rain) blow or beat fiercely and noisily

brazen

Definition: 1) bold and without shame, 2) made of brass, 3) harsh in sound

unequivocal

Definition: expressed in a clear and certain way, leaving no doubt

nonetheless

Definition: despite what has just been said or done

coarse

Definition: 1) of ordinary or inferior quality or value, 2) of loose or rough texture, 3) designed for fast, heavy or rough labour, 4) unrefined in language, manners or taste

volatile

Definition: likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse

disposition

Definition: 1) a person's inherent qualities of mind and character, 2) an inclination or tendency, 3) the way in which something is placed or arranged, especially in relation to other things, 4) the distribution or transfer of property or money to someone, especially by bequest, 5) the power to deal with something as one pleases

threshold

Definition: 1) the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested, 2) the bottom half of a doorway

dire

Definition: (of a situation or event) extremely serious or urgent

cave in

Definition: to collapse and fall into the space below

(on) the verge of sth

Definition: to be very close to experiencing or achieving something

generic

Definition: 1) characteristic of or relating to a class or group of things; not specific, 2) (of goods, especially medicinal drugs) having no brand name; not protected by a registered trademark, 3) (derogatory) lacking imagination or individuality; predictable and unoriginal

ratify

Definition: to make an agreement official, especially of governments or organisations

devolution

Definition: 1) the moving of power or responsibility from a main organisation to a lower level, or from a central government to a local government, 2) the movement of power or responsibility from one person or group to another, 3) descent to a lower or worse state, 4) evolutionary degeneration

commute

Definition: to travel regularly between your place of work and your home

inflected

Definition: 1) changing in form according to grammatical function such as tense, mood, number, gender etc, 2) slightly changed by the influence of a particular thing

acumen

Definition: quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight

exacting

Definition: demanding a great amount of skill, attention, effort, care or other resources

impertinence

Definition: a lack of respect

road map

Definition: 1) a plan for how to achieve something, 2) a map, especially one designed for motorists, showing the roads of a country or area

edict

Definition: 1) an official announcement that has the force of a law, 2) an order or command

itinerary

Definition: a detailed plan or route of a journey

mediate

Definition: 1) to intervene in a dispute in order to bring about an agreement or reconciliation, 2) to talk to two separate people or groups involved in a disagreement to try to help them to agree or find a solution to their problems

flux

Definition: a continuous moving on or passing by (as of a stream)

attorney

Definition: (UK) a person, typically a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters, (US) any qualified lawyer

purveyor

Definition: a person or group who spreads or promotes an idea/view

a priori

Definition: relating to or denoting reasoning or knowledge which proceeds from theoretical deduction rather than from observation or experience

deterioration

Definition: the process of becoming worse than before

short-lived

Definition: existing or happening for only a short time

evasive

Definition: tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, especially by responding only indirectly

trickle

Definition: 1) to flow, or to make something (a liquid) flow, slowly in a thin stream, 2) to come or go slowly or gradually

constitute

Definition: 1) to be (a part) of a whole, 2) to combine to form (a whole), 3) to be or be equivalent to (something), 4) to give legal or constitutional form to (an institution); establish by law

blue-collar

Definition: relating to manual work or workers, particularly in industry

indulge in

Definition: to allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of

be/feel under the weather

Definition: feeling ill

collected

Definition: 1) (of a person) calm and self-controlled, 2) (of individual works) brought together in one volume or edition

collision

Definition: 1) an act or instance of colliding, 2) an encounter between particles (such as atoms or molecules) resulting in exchange or transformation of energy

reiterate

Definition: to say or do again or repeatedly

keep/hold sth at bay

Definition: prevent someone or something from approaching or having an effect

deplorable

Definition: 1) deserving strong condemnation; completely unacceptable, 2) shockingly bad in quality

holistic

Definition: dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part

red herring

Definition: information that is (intentionally) misleading, a clue that is meant to distract

patronise

Definition: to behave in an offensively condescending manner toward someone

top-down

Definition: 1) proceeding from the general to the particular, 2) denoting a system of government or management in which actions and policies are initiated at the highest level; hierarchical

fruitless

Definition: failing to achieve the desire results; unproductive or useless

trite

Definition: lacking in effectiveness or freshness because of constant use of excessive repetition; dull on account of overuse

bipartisan

Definition: of or involving the agreement or cooperation of two political parties that usually oppose each other's policies

harbour

Definition: 1) to keep (a thought or feeling, typically a negative one) in one's mind, especially secretly, 2) to give home or shelter to

opt out

Definition: choose not to participate in something

imminently

Definition: very soon

fathom

Definition: to understand after much, intensive thought

take sth on

Definition: to compete against someone or start a fight with someone, especially someone bigger or better than you

canon

Definition: 1) the works of a particular author or artist that are recognised as genuine, 2) the list of works considered to be permanently established as being of the highest quality

improper

Definition: not in accordance with accepted standards, especially of morality or honesty

abysmal

Definition: extremely bad

ensue

Definition: 1) to follow, to come after something, 2) to happen or occur afterwards or as a result

drizzle

Definition: to rain gently, in fine drops

amalgam

Definition: 1) a mixture or blend, 2) an alloy of mercury with another metal, especially one used for dental fillings

agitation

Definition: a state of anxiety or nervous excitement

downplay

Definition: to make (something) appear less important than it really is

deadlock

Definition: 1) a situation, typically one involving opposing parties, in which no progress can be made, 2) a situation in a game or match where the scores are level

altercation

Definition: a noisy argument or disagreement, especially in public

assuage

Definition: to make less severe, to lessen the intensity

strident

Definition: 1) characterised by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound, 2) expressing opinions or criticism in a very forceful and often annoying or unpleasant way

render

Definition: 1) to provide or give (a service, help, etc.), 2) cause to be or become; make

symposium

Definition: 1) a conference or meeting to discuss a particular subject, 2) a collection of essays or papers on a particular subject by a number of contributors, 3) a drinking party or convivial discussion, especially as held in ancient Greece after a banquet (and notable as the title of a work by Plato)

quandary

Definition: 1) a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation, 2) a difficult situation; a practical dilemma

concession

Definition: 1) a compromise, 2) a reduction or discount given by an organisation, 3) a right or privilege.

utter

Definition: complete, absolute or extreme

susceptible

Definition: 1) likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing, 2) (of a person) easily influenced by feelings or emotions; sensitive

inept

Definition: not skilled, incompetent or inefficient

palpable

Definition: 1) capable of being touched, 2) easy to notice

prolific

Definition: 1) present in large numbers or quantities, 2) producing a great number or amount of something

stringent

Definition: (of regulations, requirements, or conditions) strict, precise, and exacting

unaccountable

Definition: unable to be explained

virtue

Definition: 1) moral excellence; goodness; righteousness, 2) conformity of one's life and conduct to moral and ethical principles; uprightness; rectitude, 3) chastity; virginity, 4) a particular moral excellence, 5) a good or admirable quality or property, 6) effective force; the power or potency

spur-of-the-moment

Definition: unintended, unplanned

nil

Definition: non-existent

heinous

Definition: hatefully or shockingly evil

wither

Definition: 1) to dry up because of dehydration, 2) to fall into decay or decline, 3) humiliate (someone) with a scornful look or manner

disparage

Definition: to regard or represent as being of little worth

salvation

Definition: 1) deliverance from the power and effects of sin, 2) liberation from ignorance or illusion, 3) preservation from destruction or failure / deliverance from danger or difficulty

shun

Definition: 1) to avoid something, 2) persistently avoid, ignore, or reject (someone or something) through antipathy or caution

ingrained

Definition: (of a habit, belief, or attitude) firmly fixed or established; difficult to change

huddle

Definition: 1) (no object, with adverbial) to crowd together; nestle closely, 2) (Br.E., with object and adverbial) to heap together in a disorderly manner, 3) (AM.E., no object) to have a private discussion; confer

subdued

Definition: not strong, loud, intense

obsolete

Definition: outdated, no longer in use

array

Definition: 1) an impressive display or range of a particular type of thing, 2) an ordered series or arrangement

societal

Definition: relating to society or social relations

decisive

Definition: 1) settling an issue; producing a definite result, 2) having or showing the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively

poignant

Definition: having a strong effect on your feelings, especially in a way that makes you feel sad

brevity

Definition: 1) concise and exact use of words in writing or speech, 2) shortness of duration

ephemeral

Definition: lasting one day only; lasting a for a very short time

surplus

Definition: 1) the amount that remains when use or need is satisfied, 2) an excess of receipts over disbursements, 3) the excess of a corporation's net worth over the par or stated value of its stock

premonition

Definition: a strong feeling that something is about to happen, especially something unpleasant

jot

Definition: to write (something) quickly

venture

Definition: 1) new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty, 2) a risky or daring journey or undertaking

venture

Definition: to take the risk to go somewhere or do something that is dangerous or unpleasant, say something that might be criticised

supersede

Definition: to take the place of (a person or thing previously in authority or use)

negligible

Definition: so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering

likelihood

Definition: the state or fact of something's being likely; probability

premise

Definition: a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion

riposte

Definition: a quick, clever reply to an insult or criticism

preliminary

Definition: preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important

discourse

Definition: 1) written or spoken communication or debate, 2) a formal discussion of a topic in speech or writing, 3) (in linguistics) a connected series of utterances; a text or conversation

inkling

Definition: a slight knowledge or suspicion; a hint

under the auspices of

Definition: with the help, support, or protection of

derogatory

Definition: showing a critical or disrespectful attitude

composure

Definition: the state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself

defer

Definition: to put something off in time

languid

Definition: (of a person, manner, or gesture) having or showing a disinclination for physical exertion or effort

discard

Definition: 1) to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it, 2) to remove (a playing card) from one’s hand

blithely

Definition: 1) in a way that shows a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be callous or improper, 2) in a happy or carefree manner

ludicrous

Definition: so foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing

requisite

Definition: (noun) a thing that is necessary for the achievement of a specified end, (adjective) necessary for a particular purpose

gullible

Definition: tending to believe everything, even false information

intricate

Definition: complex or difficult to understand

destitute

Definition: 1) without money, food, a home, or possessions 2) devoid of

convoluted

Definition: (especially of an argument, story, or sentence) extremely complex and difficult to follow

heed

Definition: to pay careful attention to somebody’s advice or warning

staggering

Definition: astonishing or shocking, difficult to believe, overwhelming

innocuous

Definition: 1) having no adverse effect, 2) not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion

complacency

Definition: a feeling of smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievements

clutch at straws

Definition: to be in such a desperate situation as to resort to even the most unlikely means of salvation

self-contained

Definition: complete, or having all that is needed, in itself

expenditure

Definition: payment or expense

forfeit

Definition: to lose or give up something, usually as a penalty

commendable

Definition: deserving praise

irreversible

Definition: no possibility of being changed

bona fide

Definition: genuine; real

relish

Definition: to enjoy something that satisfies one's tastes or desires

cunning

Definition: having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion

miscellaneous

Definition: 1) (of items or people gathered or considered together) of various types or from different sources, 2) (of a collection or group) composed of members or elements of different kinds, 3) being diverse

enigmatic

Definition: full of mystery and difficult to understand

expletive

Definition: a word that is considered offensive, a swear word

ponder

Definition: think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion

induce

Definition: 1) to succeed in persuading or leading (someone) to do something, 2) to bring about or give rise to

transient

Definition: lasting only for a short time, impermanent

demonstrably

Definition: in a way that is clearly apparent or capable of being logically proved

vile

Definition: extremely unpleasant

blueprint

Definition: 1) a design plan, a detailed drawing, 2) a model, plan or template

unparalleled

Definition: 1) having no parallel or equal, 2) exceptional

hallmark

Definition: 1) a typical characteristic or feature of a person / thing, 2) a mark stamped on articles of gold, silver, or platinum by the British assay offices, certifying their standard of purity

condone

Definition: 1) to accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive), 2) to approve or sanction (something), especially with reluctance

restraint

Definition: 1) a measure or condition that keeps someone or something under control, 2) unemotional, dispassionate, or moderate behaviour

violate

Definition: 1) break or fail to comply with (a rule or formal agreement), 2) fail to respect (someone's peace, privacy, or rights), 3) treat (something sacred) with irreverence or disrespect

equation

Definition: 1) in mathematics, a statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal (indicated by the sign =), 2) the process of equating one thing with another

adversity

Definition: a difficult or unpleasant situation

reverence

Definition: a deep respect for someone or something

comply with

Definition: to act according to the prescribed rules

incite

Definition: to move to action, stir up, spur on, urge on

hegemony

Definition: 1) preponderant influence or authority over others, 2) the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant group

out of one's depth

Definition: beyond one's knowledge or ability to cope

persona

Definition: the aspect of someone's character that is presented to or perceived by others

notable

Definition: deserving to be noticed or distinguished

nonce

Definition: (of a word or expression) coined for or used on one occasion

prerequisite

Definition: (noun) a thing that is required as a prior condition for something else to happen or exist, (adjective) required as a prior condition

underscore

Definition: 1) to underline, 2) to emphasise

myriad

Definition: 1) countless or extremely great number of people or things, 2) (chiefly in classical history) a unit of ten thousand

intrusive

Definition: causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited

placid

Definition: pleasantly calm or peaceful; serenely quiet or undisturbed

arcane

Definition: understood by few; mysterious or secret, cryptic

numb

Definition: 1) (of a part of the body) unable to feel anything, 2) (of a person) unable to feel any emotion

counteract

Definition: to act against (something) in order to reduce its force or neutralise it

idle

Definition: 1) without purpose or effect; pointless, 2) (of a person) avoiding work; lazy

consolidate

Definition: 1) to bring together several things, so that they become more effective, 2) to make physically stronger or firmer, 3) to dispose of unwanted items and organise the remaining.

esteem

Definition: to have great respect or high regard for

tacit

Definition: understood without being openly expressed

overdue

Definition: past the scheduled or expected time

endeavour

Definition: to try (mainly used for something that takes effort)

avail

Definition: to be of use or value

compelling

Definition: provoking so much interest to the point of being irresistible

benign

Definition: of a gentle disposition, showing kindness and gentleness

brittle

Definition: 1) something easy to break, 2) an unstable mood or situation, 3) a loud, short and sharp sound

impart

Definition: to make something known

rampant

Definition: (especially of something unwelcome) flourishing or spreading unchecked

literacy

Definition: the ability to read and write

forge

Definition: 1) to make an illegal copy of something in order to deceive people, 2) to put a lot of effort into making something successful or strong so that it will last

definitively

Definition: 1) the end of an action, 2) authoritative and apparently exhaustive, 3) to define or specify precisely, 4) to serve as a perfect example

subordinate

Definition: to be placed in or belonging to a lower order or rank than something or someone else

intricacies

Definition: details, especially of an involved or perplexing subject

tenacity

Definition: the quality or fact of being very determined, implies persistence

muddle up

Definition: bring into a disordered or confusing state

tedious

Definition: boring, too slow or long

distortion

Definition: 1) the action of distorting or the state of being distorted, 2) the action of giving a misleading account or impression

a plethora of sth

Definition: overabundance, excess, surplus

apprehensive

Definition: anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen

edifice

Definition: 1) a large, imposing building, 2) a complex system of beliefs

idiosyncratic

Definition: unique to an individual or thing; relating to eccentricity; characteristic individual quality

ostensibly

Definition: as appears or is stated to be true, though not necessarily so; apparently

nought

Definition: 1) the number zero (Br.E.), 2) nothing

lag

Definition: fail to keep up with another or others in movement or development

innumerable

Definition: too many to be counted (often used hyperbolically)

hedge one's bets

Definition: to avoid committing oneself when faced with a difficult choice

discrepancy

Definition: an illogical or surprising lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts

incisive

Definition: very clear and direct, able to explain difficult ideas clearly and confidently

candour

Definition: the quality of being open and honest

inconclusive

Definition: not leading to a firm conclusion or result; not ending doubt or dispute

cogent

Definition: convincing; relevant, to the point

unbiased

Definition: 1) fair and not influenced by your own or somebody else’s opinions, desires, etc., 2) showing no prejudice for or against something

adamant

Definition: 1) refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind, 2) not giving in or relenting

in conjunction with

Definition: in relation to, in combination with

red tape

Definition: excessive bureaucracy or adherence to official rules and formalities

adhere to

Definition: to follow closely, observe, or represent

loathing

Definition: a feeling of intense dislike or disgust; hatred

maxim

Definition: an expression of general truth or principle

penultimate

Definition: last but one in a series of things; second last

succinct

Definition: said clearly and shortly, without unnecessary words

retort

Definition: to say something in answer to a remark, typically in a sharp, angry, or witty manner

epitome of

Definition: a person or thing that is a perfect example of a particular quality or type

underpin

Definition: to support, justify, or form the basis for

disjointed

Definition: lacking a coherent sequence or connection

reassessment

Definition: the consideration or assessment of something again, in the light of new or different factors

self-conscious

Definition: 1) feeling nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what people think about you or your actions, 2) (about actions and intentions) done deliberately, 3) (in psychology and philosophy) having knowledge of one's own existence, especially the knowledge of oneself as a conscious being.

incidence

Definition: the number of times something happens, especially crime and disease

scrutinise

Definition: to examine carefully, to study in detail

reciprocal

Definition: given, felt, or done in return

compendium

Definition: collection of concise but detailed information about a particular subject, especially in a book or other publication

notwithstanding

Definition: nevertheless; in spite of this

seminal

Definition: strongly influencing later developments

astute

Definition: having or showing an ability to notice and understand things clearly, mentally sharp or clever

suffice

Definition: to be enough

instigate

Definition: 1) to bring about or initiate (an action or event), 2) (instigate someone to do something) incite someone to do something, especially something bad

mouthpiece

Definition: a person or organisation who speaks on behalf of another person or organisation

pinnacle

Definition: the most successful point; the culmination

infallible

Definition: 1) incapable of making mistakes or being wrong, 2) never failing; always effective, 3) (in the Roman Catholic Church) credited with papal infallibility

rectify

Definition: to set right; correct

silver lining

Definition: every difficult or sad situation has a comforting or more hopeful aspect, even though this may not be immediately apparent

refrain (from)

Definition: stop oneself from doing something

stark

Definition: 1) severe or bare in appearance or outline, 2) stiff, rigid, or incapable of movement

stoop

Definition: to lower one's moral standards so far as to do something reprehensible

eligible

Definition: 1) having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions, 2) (of a person) desirable or suitable as a partner in marriage

barrister

Definition: (UK) a person called to the bar and entitled to practise as an advocate, particularly in the higher courts

nifty

Definition: 1) particularly good, skilful, or effective, 2) attractive or stylish

pry

Definition: enquire too inquisitively into a person's private affairs

cut someone some slack

Definition: to allow someone some leeway in their conduct

counterpart

Definition: a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or thing in a different place or situation

fleeting

Definition: lasting for a very short time

inconceivable

Definition: not capable of being imagined or grasped mentally; unbelievable

wit

Definition: 1) the capacity for inventive thought and quick understanding; keen intelligence, 2) good sense, 3) a natural aptitude for using words and ideas in a quick and inventive way to create humour

animosity

Definition: a strong feeling of dislike or hatred, ill will or resentment tending toward active hostility, an antagonistic attitude

ardent

Definition: showing strong feelings, very enthusiastic

speak out

Definition: to express one's opinions frankly and publicly

legacy

Definition: 1) an amount of money or property left to someone in a will, 2) something left or handed down by a predecessor

scarce

Definition: deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand, not plentiful or abundant

compile

Definition: to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book, report, or list

auspicious

Definition: showing or suggesting that future success is likely

lest

Definition: with the intention of preventing (something undesirable); to avoid the risk of

reluctantly

Definition: hesitating before you do something because you do not really want to do it

renowned

Definition: known or talked about by many people; famous

sprout

Definition: 1) to appear suddenly in large numbers, 2) to start growing, 3) to produce shoots, buds, or leaves

lend itself to sth

Definition: to be suitable for something

empirical

Definition: with experimental evidence

viable

Definition: capable of working successfully; feasible

elicit

Definition: to evoke or draw out (a reaction, answer, or fact) from someone

boisterous

Definition: (of a person, event or behaviour) noisy, energetic, full of life and cheerful

stratification

Definition: 1) arrangement or classification of something in different groups, 2) the formation of strata in rock

mundane

Definition: 1) lacking interest or excitement, 2) of this earthly world rather than a heavenly or spiritual one

deduce

Definition: to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts

scope

Definition: the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant

austere

Definition: 1) severe or strict in manner or attitude, 2) (of living conditions or a way of life) having no comforts or luxuries, 3) having a plain and unadorned appearance

flimsy

Definition: lacking in physical strength or substance, having little worth or plausibility

evoke

Definition: 1) to bring or recall (a feeling, memory, or image) to the conscious mind, 2) to elicit (a response)

propensity

Definition: an inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way

extrapolate

Definition: to extend the application of (a method or conclusion) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue or similar methods will be applicable

turnout

Definition: 1) the number of people who attend a particular event, 2) the number of people who vote in a particular election

livid

Definition: extremely angry

novice

Definition: a person new to and inexperienced in a job or situation

apocryphal

Definition: (of a story or statement) of doubtful authenticity, although widely circulated as being true

dour

Definition: relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance

stipulate

Definition: to specify as a condition or requirement (as part of an agreement or offer)

dwell

Definition: to live in a place or in a particular way

copious

Definition: abundant in supply or quantity

coax

Definition: persuade (someone) gradually or gently to do something

in the dark

Definition: to not know about something that other people know about

reassure

Definition: to comfort someone and stop them from worrying

solicitor

Definition: (UK) a member of the legal profession qualified to deal with conveyancing, the drawing up of wills, and other legal matters. A solicitor may also instruct barristers and represent clients in some courts

taken aback

Definition: to be shocked or surprised

fallacy

Definition: 1) a false or mistaken idea, 2) deceptive appearance, 3) an often plausible argument using false or invalid inference

intermittent

Definition: occurring at irregular intervals; not continuous or steady

embark upon sth

Definition: to start something new or important

conversely

Definition: introducing a statement or idea which reverses one that has just been made or referred to

ail

Definition: to cause difficulties or trouble for someone

hold the line

Definition: not yield to the pressure of a difficult situation

herald

Definition: 1) a sign announcing that something important (and often good) is bound to happen, 2) a person who precedes, a forerunner

affluent

Definition: having an abundance of wealth, property or other material goods

indispensable

Definition: absolutely necessary; essential

preside

Definition: to be in the position of authority in a meeting or other gathering

amid

Definition: in the middle of or surrounded by

coin

Definition: to invent (a new word or phrase)

quip

Definition: 1) snappy response, 2) a witty remark

overbearing

Definition: unpleasantly overpowering

unsound

Definition: 1) not safe or robust; in poor condition, 2) not healthy or well, 3) not based on sound or reliable evidence or reasoning, 4) not acceptable

Lernkarten Info

UG ETV1 VOC - Word List 1 - Word + Definition