Fruit and vegetable products

What are the four major groups of natural pigments or pigment molecules found in fruits and vegetables (or plants)?

-Chlorophylls - primary pigment in plants, lipid-soluble -Carotenoids - are red, orange, or yellow terpenoids, lipid-soluble -Anthocyanins - literally "flower blue," water-soluble flavonoid pigments that appear red to blue according to pH -Betalains - red or yellow pigments, water-soluble

Name the fruit associated with each of the following varieties: Gros Michel, Thompson seedless, Deglet Noor, Winesap, and Bosc

-Gros Michel: banana -Thompson seedless: grape -Deglet Noor: date -Winesap: apple -Bosc: pear

Rank the following foods by vitamin C content from highest content to lowest: Red bell pepper, broccoli, orange, potato, banana

-Red bell pepper (152 mg) -Broccoli (132 mg) -Orange (51 mg) -Potato (42 mg) -Banana (10 mg)

Name five steps for sauerkraut production.

-Shredding the cabbage -transfer to container -add salt brine to the shreds and let it stand -wilt the shreds with compaction -weigh down on the top of container -store and ferment

Name five examples of fruits that are drupes.

A fleshy fruit with thin skin and a central stone containing the seed: Cherries, Peaches, Plums, Apricot, Olives, Apricots, Mangoes, Coconuts, Damson, Jujube, Avocados, almonds, Amla (Indian gooseberry)

Rank these according to the Scoville scale from least to most hot: Habañero, Bird's eye chili, Jalapeño, Poblano, Pimiento, Serrano, Cayenne Pepper, Dorset Naga, Ghost Chili

A. Pimento (100-500) B. Poblano (500-2,500) C. Jalapeño (2,500-8,000) D. Serrano Pepper (10,000-23,000) E. Cayenne Pepper (30,000-50,000) F. Bird's eye chilli (50,000-100,000) G. Habañero (100,000-350,000) H. Ghost Chili Pepper or Ghost Pepper (Bhut Jolokia, Naga Jolokia, Naga Morich, Bih Jolokia, Red Naga Chili, 850,000-1,000,000) I. Dorset Naga (923,000 - 1,600,00 SHU). [SPICIEST]

Which vegetables belong to the allium family and which to the cruciferae? Onions, garlic, broccoli, spinach, leeks and cabbage

Allium – onions, garlic, leeks Cruciferae – broccoli, spinach and cabbage

Name three Cauliflower cultivars.

Alverda, Brocoverde, Majestic, Snow Crown, Violet Queen

Name three Cantaloupe cultivars.

Ambrosia, Caravelle, Israeli, Magnum 45, French Orange, Minnesota Midget, Mission, Perlita, Rocky Sweet

Name three Leek cultivars.

American Flag, Electra, Titan

Name three Okra cultivars.

Annie Oakley, Blondy, Emerald, Lee, Clemson Spineless

Name two fruit and two vegetable plants with their coordinating scientific genus and species names.

Apples: Malus domestica Strawberries: Fragaria ananassa Banana: Musa acuminate, balbisiana and paradisiaca for the hybrid Tomatoes: Solanum lycopersicum Pineapple: Ananas comosus Watermelon: Citrullus lanatus Lemon: Citrus limon Orange: Citrus sinensis Pomelo: Citrus grandis Peach: Prunus persica Apricot: Prunus armeniaca Cherry: Prunus avium or Prunus cerasus Lettuce: Lactuca sativa Corn: Zea mays Green beans: Phaseolus vulgaris Peas: Pisum sativum Broccoli/cabbage/cauliflower/brussels sprouts: Brassica oleracea Cucumber: Cucumis sativus Carrot: Daucus carota Onion: Allium cepa Beets: Beta vulgaris Asparagus: Asparagus officinalis

Name the energy source used by the following groups of organisms: autotrophs, heterotrophs, phototrophs, and lithotrophs

Autotrophs: inorganic carbon Phototrophs: light Heterotrophs: organic carbon Lithotrophs: inorganic molecules

Name three tropical fruits grown commercially in the continental US.

Avocado, banana/plantain, carambola/star fruit, dragon fruit/pitaya, guava, jackfruit, longan, lychee, mamey sapote, mango, papaya, sapodilla

What are the three sister plants cited in indigenous American agriculture?

Bean, squash, corn

Name 5 vegetables that contain phytoestrogens.

beans, soy products, peas, lentils, whole grains, flaxseed, rye, millet.

Name the six general categories of fruits. (If want to make more difficult, ask examples.)

Berries: Blueberries, Grapes, Strawberries Citrus: Oranges, Lemons, Limes Tropical fruits: Mangoes, Pineapples, Bananas Melons: Watermelon, Cantaloupe, Honeydew Drupes/stone fruits: Peaches, Cherries, Plums Pomes/cores: Apples, Pears

Name three watermelon cultivars.

Big Stripe, Bush Sugar Baby, Crimson Sweet, Jamboree, Mickylee, OrangeGlo, Pinata, Royal Jubilee, Stars and Stripes, Summer Gold, Verona, Gem Dandy, Matrix, Black Diamond

Name three carrot cultivars.

Big Top, Bolero, Nantes Half Long, Purple Dragon, Red Core Chantenay, Scarlet Nantes, Touchon, Sweet Treat, Short'n Sweet

Name three spinach cultivars.

Bloomsdale, Melody, Space, Tyee