Internal Credit

Which coronary artery supplies the inferior waal of left ventricle?

Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

What is the normal efficiency of the left ventricle?

LVEF = (LV stroke volume / LV end-diastolic volume) x 100. The normal LVEF is >55%.

Which treatment is used in a patient treated by warfarin who must undergo acute surgery?

Vitamin K

List risk factors of aortic dissection.

Congenital: CT-disease (Marfan syndrome, ED syndrome), bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta. Acquired: Hypertension!!!, trauma, deceleration injury, syphilis, cocaine, pregnancy 

What is the warning sign in a patient with aortic aneurysm (imminent rupture)?

Abdominal: lower back pain, pulsatile abdominal mass at or above umbilicus. Thoracic: thoracic back pain, feeling of pressure in chest 

What procedures are used to recognize the proximal type of aortic dissection?

CT angiography 

List 5 basic groups of antihypertensive therapy

ACEi, ARBs, Thiazide diuretics, CCBs, BB 

List the new classification of heart failure (2016).

HFrEF: symptomatic HF with LVEF ≤40%. HFmrEF: symptomatic HF with LVEF 41-49%. HFpEF: symptomatic HF with LVEF ≥50%. HFimpEF: symptomatic HF with a baseline LVEF ≤40%, a ≥10-point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF >40%

List 3 causes of cardiac syncope.

Arrhythmogenic: sick sinus syndrome, ventricular tachycardia, AV block, supraventricular arrhythmias, Torsades de pointes. Cardiovascular: massive MI, aortic stenosis, PE, severe asymmetric septal hypertrophy 

Describe first aid in a patient with vaso-vagal syncope.

Lie on the floor and raise legs 

Which therapy is recommended in a pattient with massive, life-threatening pulmonary embolism?

Bolus 5000-10000 I.E. Heparin IV. Thrombolytic therapy tPA 

What is the basic energetic need of a healthy young person not extremely burdened physically?

2100 KCAL for men and 1700-1900 KCAL for women 

What is the basic need for liquids in an uncomplicated recumbent patient in ml/kg/day?

30-40 ML/KG/24H

What is the basic need for full-value proteins for a healthy person?

0.8 G/KG

What means BMI?

BODY MASS INDEX

What is definition of obesity (using BMI value)?

30-35

What is the upper limit of normal body weight expressed by BMI?

24

What does the term "all-in-one parenteral nutrition" mean?

ALL COMPONENTS IN ONE FORMULA (FATS, SUGAR, PROTEINS). The All-in-One (AIO, 3-in-1) system means that all components of parenteral nutrition are mixed in one container. This enables to infuse all daily needs for nutrients, water, electrolytes, trace elements and vitamins from one bag.

What is the effect of the prolonged shock to diuresis?

KIDNEY FAILURE

What is the reason for insertion of nasojejunal tube?

UNABLE TO GET FOOD per os, STOMACH DYSFUNCTION, IMPAIRED GASTRIC MOTILITY, GASTRIC REFLUX, VOMITING