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Infinitives of to be
Fuisse (to have been)
Esse (to be) 
Futurus esse > FORE (to be about to be)
Imperative future
AmaTO
amaTOTO
How to make present subjunctive 
Vowel change and ending
What takes present form of to be to make passive 
Perfect
Perfect infinitives (act and pass)
3rd pp + SSE (amavisse, dedisse)
4pp + “esse” (amatus esse)
What makes passive with extra R (except takes mini for we) 
Present future imperfect
Present imperative
Ama (no ending)
AmaTE
What takes imperfect of esse to make passive 
Pluperfect
What makes pluperfect (indicative)
Stem + era- ends 
Mnemonic to remember subjunctive present vowel change
All mEOwIng gIrls
dEfEAt All lIArs
Present conjugations eo. Stem for other tenses ? 
Eo 
Is 
It 
Imus 
Itis 
Eunt 

Stem = I
Where do nolo and malo come from
Nolo = non volo 
Malo = magis volo (want more, so: prefer)
How to make imperfect subjunctive 
Stem + RE + ending
Present infinitives (act and pass)
Amare 
AmarI
What makes future (indicative)
Stem + BO/BI/BU (anything but BA) + ends 
OR 
Stem + E (A for 1st p sing) + ends
How to make pluperfect subjunctive 
Stem + isse * ending 
What makes perfect tense (indicative)
Stem + I + ends (except for THEY, which is erunt 
Principle parts and present conjugation volo
Volo, velle, volui
Vis 
Vult 
Volumus 
Vultis 
Volunt 
How esse is formed in
Perfect 
Pluperfect 
Imperfect 
Future
Perfect = fui (perfect stem) + ending 
Pluperfect = fui (perfect stem) + ERA + ending
Imperfect = era + ending 
Future = er + ending (ero, then eri + ending, then erunt)
Future infinitive (1 active form, and CL and ML versions for passive)
AmaTURUS esse
Amatus (4pp) + IRI (cl)
Amatus + FORE (ML)

In Medieval Latin, what can perfect of esse (fui, fuis, fuit, etc) be used for?
Perfect passive 
What makes imperfect (indicative)
Stem + BA + ends
If not a B ending, what does a future verb end with
AM, then stem + E + ending
Imperative passive
AmaRE 
AmaMINI
How to make perfect subjunctive 
stem + ERI + ending
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